How Utah Reduced Chronic Homelessness (2015)(npr.org)
npr.org
How Utah Reduced Chronic Homelessness (2015)
http://www.npr.org/2015/12/10/459100751/utah-reduced-chronic-homelessness-by-91-percent-heres-how
86 comments
How much does mental illness play into homelessness in Italy? Seems to be a common issues here in the US.
From what I've seen, this feeling might be due to the fact that mentally ill people are overly "visible" because they make way more "disturbance" if I may say.
The seriously mentally ill are definitely a large proportion of homeless people. This is the National Coalition for the Homeless writing:
"According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 20 to 25% of the homeless population in the United States suffers from some form of severe mental illness. In comparison, only 6% of Americans are severely mentally ill"
A HUD Report has 26% of people in shelters having a serious mental illness [2] (Search "serious mental illness").
When I researched this a few years ago I regularly saw 200,000 people as the number with serious mental illness who were homeless and about an equal amount in prison (with people regularly cycling in and out of prison because of their mental illness).
[1] http://www.nationalhomeless.org/factsheets/Mental_Illness.pd... [2] https://www.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/2010Homeles...
"According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 20 to 25% of the homeless population in the United States suffers from some form of severe mental illness. In comparison, only 6% of Americans are severely mentally ill"
A HUD Report has 26% of people in shelters having a serious mental illness [2] (Search "serious mental illness").
When I researched this a few years ago I regularly saw 200,000 people as the number with serious mental illness who were homeless and about an equal amount in prison (with people regularly cycling in and out of prison because of their mental illness).
[1] http://www.nationalhomeless.org/factsheets/Mental_Illness.pd... [2] https://www.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/2010Homeles...
Another study found that a large number of homeless people have suffered a traumatic brain injury at some point in their lives:
"Researchers at St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto surveyed 111 homeless men and found that 45 percent of them had suffered at least one traumatic brain injury (or TBI) in their life, and 87 percent of those injuries occurred before they were homeless. Among the general population, TBI rates are estimated to be 12 percent, according to a 2013 meta-analysis of studies from developed countries."
http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/5227637
"Researchers at St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto surveyed 111 homeless men and found that 45 percent of them had suffered at least one traumatic brain injury (or TBI) in their life, and 87 percent of those injuries occurred before they were homeless. Among the general population, TBI rates are estimated to be 12 percent, according to a 2013 meta-analysis of studies from developed countries."
http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/5227637
It also shows how bureaucracy intersects public and private spaces and how powerful it is at determining economic relationships.
I'm originally from Italy, and I now live and work in SF.
I am curious about what you are mentioning: any way for you to retrieve more info so I can look it up?
I am curious about what you are mentioning: any way for you to retrieve more info so I can look it up?
I read about it in a UK magazine called 'The Big Issue' probably about a decade ago. A quick Google turns up nothing unfortunately but IIRC the policy was practised in just a single region, not nationwide so perhaps they discontinued the practise (or I could have misrememebered the country the policy was implemented in!).
I always felt P.O. boxes should be free for those that are homeless. If said box goes unused it is put back into general use.
Verification could be supplied by the county.
Verification could be supplied by the county.
> I always felt P.O. boxes should be free for those that are homeless. If said box goes unused it is put back into general use.
They (basically) already are. USPS provides free mailing service for people who don't have a fixed address, and you can use that as your street address (unlike PO boxes, which are invalid for use in circumstances that require a street address). They'll hold onto any mail addressed to you for 30 days.
They (basically) already are. USPS provides free mailing service for people who don't have a fixed address, and you can use that as your street address (unlike PO boxes, which are invalid for use in circumstances that require a street address). They'll hold onto any mail addressed to you for 30 days.
Also, many USPS locations allow you to use the address of the building and to append the P.O. Box similar to an apartment number.
I believe you're referring to general delivery, known in the rest of the world as poste restante. (Fixed addresses are a fairly modern invention; poste restante used to be the norm before individually delivered mail became the norm.)
> unlike PO boxes, which are invalid for use in circumstances that require a street address
If you, heaven forbid, ever become homeless:
If anybody ever insists that you provide a 'real address', lie. List your PO address as "123 Street Name, Apt #PONUMBER".
Nobody will ever be assed enough to check that it's not a real apartment. Nobody.
If you, heaven forbid, ever become homeless:
If anybody ever insists that you provide a 'real address', lie. List your PO address as "123 Street Name, Apt #PONUMBER".
Nobody will ever be assed enough to check that it's not a real apartment. Nobody.
What's really rude is you can't get a USPS PO BOX without a permanent address. I got the run around with a USPS employee about why I couldn't provide that information. I told them I was essentially transient (coming back from a long trip, no family), and they told me, "tough".
There are private PO boxes you can rent out, instead.
There are private PO boxes you can rent out, instead.
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Oh hey, I've been to that shelter. I live in (and grew up in) Utah. My Aunt is severely mentally ill and homeless and relies on the Road Home shelter, I've visited her there a few times. They are doing good work, although being homeless is still pretty shitty, obviously. The hardest part is that the state could take much better care of her if she would allow herself to be diagnosed as handicapped due to her mental illness, but she doesn't believe that she's mentally ill. And of course forcing treatment on her is unethical and probably counter-productive. I don't really know where she's at now, we only have fleeting contact with her.
EDIT: A sad/curious anecdote - at one time she was placed in an apartment. I don't know the details but it was probably using the programs outlined in the article. She lit the apartment on fire and ended up in the hospital. As I understand she believed that she owned the apartment complex and could not understand why the managers would not let her make decisions, so she lit it on fire.
EDIT: A sad/curious anecdote - at one time she was placed in an apartment. I don't know the details but it was probably using the programs outlined in the article. She lit the apartment on fire and ended up in the hospital. As I understand she believed that she owned the apartment complex and could not understand why the managers would not let her make decisions, so she lit it on fire.
> And of course forcing treatment on her is unethical and probably counter-productive.
Counter-productive is an empirical question, but why is forcing treatment always unethical?
> ...She lit the apartment on fire and ended up in the hospital.
...for example. Do we need to wait for manslaughter charges before the government is responsible?
Often people on the street are at least committing fraud (lying for food, bus fare, cash, etc.). I understand that people do what they need to for survival (at least on their terms), but there is an actual cost to that. For instance, if someone actually lost their wallet and needed fare home, they have to compete with people who say they haven't eaten in days but actually don't want professional help (and may even be unfit to make that decision in the first place). The information asymmetry is enormous in this sort of interaction. To reiterate, the people getting conned aren't the biggest victims here; it's the people who have to deal with a jaded audience and fraudulent sob stories when $20, bus fare, or a prepaid phone is legitimately their biggest need.
Anyway, I'm willing to listen to counterpoints about this, but it just doesn't make sense to me that the government isn't responsible for people who can't (or won't) take care of themselves. I'm talking haven't showered in weeks; open sores on their feet, faces, and bodies; etc. Literally no other group has (or should have!) the power to require someone to get care. If we say it's not the government's job, we're saying it's nobody's job.
I'm willing to hear other thoughts on this. My current conclusion is that the status quo is ethically unconscionable but politically impossible to do anything about, but maybe I'm missing something.
Counter-productive is an empirical question, but why is forcing treatment always unethical?
> ...She lit the apartment on fire and ended up in the hospital.
...for example. Do we need to wait for manslaughter charges before the government is responsible?
Often people on the street are at least committing fraud (lying for food, bus fare, cash, etc.). I understand that people do what they need to for survival (at least on their terms), but there is an actual cost to that. For instance, if someone actually lost their wallet and needed fare home, they have to compete with people who say they haven't eaten in days but actually don't want professional help (and may even be unfit to make that decision in the first place). The information asymmetry is enormous in this sort of interaction. To reiterate, the people getting conned aren't the biggest victims here; it's the people who have to deal with a jaded audience and fraudulent sob stories when $20, bus fare, or a prepaid phone is legitimately their biggest need.
Anyway, I'm willing to listen to counterpoints about this, but it just doesn't make sense to me that the government isn't responsible for people who can't (or won't) take care of themselves. I'm talking haven't showered in weeks; open sores on their feet, faces, and bodies; etc. Literally no other group has (or should have!) the power to require someone to get care. If we say it's not the government's job, we're saying it's nobody's job.
I'm willing to hear other thoughts on this. My current conclusion is that the status quo is ethically unconscionable but politically impossible to do anything about, but maybe I'm missing something.
> Counter-productive is an empirical question, but why is forcing treatment always unethical?
Ask most people who were diagnosed as mentally ill by east-german authorities before 1990.
Trust me, however nice they are today, you don't want an authority, a committee, or even "community standards" enforce any medical treatment on someone.
> ...for example. Do we need to wait for manslaughter charges before the government is responsible?
You need offenses to put charges forward. That's how justice works. You just don't jail people for things you suspect they will do.
Ask most people who were diagnosed as mentally ill by east-german authorities before 1990.
Trust me, however nice they are today, you don't want an authority, a committee, or even "community standards" enforce any medical treatment on someone.
> ...for example. Do we need to wait for manslaughter charges before the government is responsible?
You need offenses to put charges forward. That's how justice works. You just don't jail people for things you suspect they will do.
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Most jurisdictions allow involuntary commitment if you are a danger to yourself or others.
I don't know. Honestly it seems unethical to me to compel someone to do anything if they haven't done anything illegal, and being homeless / not showering / having sores isn't illegal. There's a fine line between 'helping the mentally ill through compulsory treatment' and 'rounding up the homeless so we don't have to see them all the time' and it seems like whenever we try to do the former we end up doing some of the latter as well.
In my Aunt's case, apparently they decided not to press charges about the fire. Maybe they thought they were doing her a favor, and insurance probably covered the damage anyway.
In my Aunt's case, apparently they decided not to press charges about the fire. Maybe they thought they were doing her a favor, and insurance probably covered the damage anyway.
As you point out, she doesn't know she is ill; you (and we as a society) have the clarity to recognize it and help.
I have dealt with a similar situation involving a family member. I later regretted not being proactive in intervening before it was too late. Years went by, and plenty of situations arose that could have lead to a serious intervention. Instead, nothing happened. In one instance, criminal charges were pending, but somehow they were dropped.
Of course, there must be a very high bar against forced institutionalization; we don't want to return to the bad old days when people were locked up for all sorts of unjustifiable reasons.
I have dealt with a similar situation involving a family member. I later regretted not being proactive in intervening before it was too late. Years went by, and plenty of situations arose that could have lead to a serious intervention. Instead, nothing happened. In one instance, criminal charges were pending, but somehow they were dropped.
Of course, there must be a very high bar against forced institutionalization; we don't want to return to the bad old days when people were locked up for all sorts of unjustifiable reasons.
You are describing a way for the government to punish people without due process. "Oh that guy, he's a loon, let's lock him up."
> we don't want to return to the bad old days when people were locked up for all sorts of unjustifiable reasons.
What makes you think this would no longer be the case?
> we don't want to return to the bad old days when people were locked up for all sorts of unjustifiable reasons.
What makes you think this would no longer be the case?
In certain countries, society had the clarity to recognize that people who did not believe in the superiority of communism were mentally ill.
Although sometimes the lack of consent to be treated is the issue, I think the far bigger issue is underfunded/understaffed mental health services. I think the consent issue is a bit of a distraction from that.
In Pennsylvania, you can commit somebody involuntarily to have a psyche eval:
https://www.reference.com/government-politics/302-commitment...
"A 302 commitment in Pennsylvania is an involuntary commitment into a mental health institute for emergency psychiatric evaluation. The person who signs or calls for the 302 must have direct first hand knowledge of the person and the danger they pose to themselves or others."
https://www.reference.com/government-politics/302-commitment...
"A 302 commitment in Pennsylvania is an involuntary commitment into a mental health institute for emergency psychiatric evaluation. The person who signs or calls for the 302 must have direct first hand knowledge of the person and the danger they pose to themselves or others."
I think this is an excellent solution, but it is one that won't be replicable by cities like NY, Seattle, or San Francisco until they fix their housing cost problems. If you think about it from a systems perspective, with inflows and outflows, you will begin to see the problem.
1) Inflows: higher housing costs increase the inflow into homelessness. Whether it is job loss, drug addiction, mental illness, or whatever...if you have higher housing costs, you are more likely to end up homeless.
2) Outflows: higher housing costs become a higher bar to leaving homelessness. Let's say someone can address, over time, their underlying cause to homelessness. That person will take longer to overcome the bar of housing costs in a high cost area than an equivalent person with lower housing cost bars to overcome.
Both of these arguments seem obvious, almost tautological, but combined what you have is a higher rate of inflows, and a lower rate of outflows. This means two things: ceteris paribus, you have more homeless people, and the homeless people that you do have take longer to leave homelessness.
Now take into account the fact that in high housing cost areas, housing costs more to build because land prices and construction prices are higher (even taking into account Eminent Domain), and you have: 1) More demand (in terms of quantity of people) for relief housing 2) Higher expected time of use of housing. 3) Higher cost of building housing.
These factors are multiplicative, not additive. Combined, I wouldn't be surprised if the cost of attaining the same success rate is two orders of magnitude higher in San Francisco than it is in Salt Lake City. Construction costs alone take care of your first order of magnitude...now multiply those by the higher inflow rates and outflow rates.
This solution is obvious, but you can't put the cart before the horse. Salt Lake City never had to worry about it...San Francisco does.
1) Inflows: higher housing costs increase the inflow into homelessness. Whether it is job loss, drug addiction, mental illness, or whatever...if you have higher housing costs, you are more likely to end up homeless.
2) Outflows: higher housing costs become a higher bar to leaving homelessness. Let's say someone can address, over time, their underlying cause to homelessness. That person will take longer to overcome the bar of housing costs in a high cost area than an equivalent person with lower housing cost bars to overcome.
Both of these arguments seem obvious, almost tautological, but combined what you have is a higher rate of inflows, and a lower rate of outflows. This means two things: ceteris paribus, you have more homeless people, and the homeless people that you do have take longer to leave homelessness.
Now take into account the fact that in high housing cost areas, housing costs more to build because land prices and construction prices are higher (even taking into account Eminent Domain), and you have: 1) More demand (in terms of quantity of people) for relief housing 2) Higher expected time of use of housing. 3) Higher cost of building housing.
These factors are multiplicative, not additive. Combined, I wouldn't be surprised if the cost of attaining the same success rate is two orders of magnitude higher in San Francisco than it is in Salt Lake City. Construction costs alone take care of your first order of magnitude...now multiply those by the higher inflow rates and outflow rates.
This solution is obvious, but you can't put the cart before the horse. Salt Lake City never had to worry about it...San Francisco does.
Worth noting, since you mention Seattle: Seattle actually ran a Housing First program, but it was limited in scope. It saw similar successes (again within its limited scope).
I'm familiar with it, but I'm not saying an equivalent program can't achieve equivalent success rate, I'm saying that an equivalent program will have an extremely disproportionate cost of implementation if housing costs are higher.
Well, yes. FWIW, I wasn't disputing anything you said, just providing additional context.
Those cities are also destinations for migrant homeless. How would this SLC system cope if new homeless were showing everyday from out of city like they are in Seattle or SF, or where I live as the eastern street youth population migrates out here every winter to avoid the cold.
Seems like every city would have to try the SLC model instead of putting their homeless on a bus with a one way ticket.
Seems like every city would have to try the SLC model instead of putting their homeless on a bus with a one way ticket.
You're ignoring homeless migration, the nature of mental illness, and the fact that people can move. The majority of homeless people you see on the street in cities like Seattle are not people who want help or will utilize it effectively -- they're people who have burned bridges that keep most people who are down on their luck in secondary homelessness.
I'm not ignoring any of that. Chronic and migrant homelessness exist, but they aren't anywhere near a majority of the population. The best data we have available shows chronic homelessness to be between 10-20% of the homeless population. And just because they are chronically homeless doesn't mean they don't want or can't benefit from help. Disability, mental as well as physical, is the largest known contributor to chronic homelessness and most forms of disability are treatable, but treatments are less effective when basic needs like housing are not met.
You sound like an expert on the homeless in Seattle. Do you actually know this for a fact or are you just speculating? Have you talked to the homeless there and seen data? Do you realize mental health issues can cause people to burn bridges even if that's not what they want to do?
The reason there are so many homeless is because they can't build slums for themselves like in developing countries such as India. Living in a slum would be better than being homeless. But in America, the police would tear them down.
This has come up on a number of HN posts about homelessness I've seen recently.
I'm interested in the topic, and actively worked with an encampment in Seattle (Nickelsville) that intended to build permanent dwellings. They were inspired by Dignity Village in Portland. But like you say, their efforts were demolished. But surprisingly to me, the cops involved were openly apologetic and gave everyone involved an opportunity to leave rather than risk arrest or property confiscation.
Do you have direct experience with homeless communities that have built dwellings for themselves? If so, can you talk about that experience?
I'm interested in the topic, and actively worked with an encampment in Seattle (Nickelsville) that intended to build permanent dwellings. They were inspired by Dignity Village in Portland. But like you say, their efforts were demolished. But surprisingly to me, the cops involved were openly apologetic and gave everyone involved an opportunity to leave rather than risk arrest or property confiscation.
Do you have direct experience with homeless communities that have built dwellings for themselves? If so, can you talk about that experience?
I barely have any direct experience. I visited Occupy Boston when it was still around and saw their small tent city. I've been to India multiple times and have seen how the very poor live, but I haven't spoken to them. I'm mostly just interested in the topic a lot and have researched it on my own. When I was younger I used to have some homeless friends, but they didn't construct dwellings.
I spend quite a bit of time in Utah and just want to reinforce that chronic homelessness is very different from 'the amount of homeless people you see on the streets' because the area around Pioneer Park is actually worse now than I've seen in years in terms of sheer number-of-homeless.
homelessness is tough. In our medium size city (Columbia, SC) we have roughly 1,400 homeless and no one (myself included) seems to know what to do. I feel like affordable/free housing has been tried before, and you end up with "projects" with a drug problem. I wonder how they expect this will be different.
Am I off here? Does it not seem naive to say: "they're homeless, so let's just give them an apartment and say our 'homeless' rate dropped"? As if that was the essential problem? What about the mental health and drug (etc) issues that created the environment for unsustainable work...
I'm not saying it sounds like a bad solution, but it seems like a bandaid on a gaping wound.
Am I off here? Does it not seem naive to say: "they're homeless, so let's just give them an apartment and say our 'homeless' rate dropped"? As if that was the essential problem? What about the mental health and drug (etc) issues that created the environment for unsustainable work...
I'm not saying it sounds like a bad solution, but it seems like a bandaid on a gaping wound.
Well now they are not homeless. They have a home. So yes the homeless rate drops. Now that they have stability, the security of a warm home to come home to. A safe place to sleep. Maybe you'll have more luck addressing the other problems that affect them.
I wish people wouldn't latch onto drug addiction as the first thing that must be solved, you're really picking the hardest problem to tackle first and trying to do it in the hardest possible environment to recover. Remember there are plenty of functioning drug addicts in the world wearing suits to their day jobs on Wall Street and the like.
I wish people wouldn't latch onto drug addiction as the first thing that must be solved, you're really picking the hardest problem to tackle first and trying to do it in the hardest possible environment to recover. Remember there are plenty of functioning drug addicts in the world wearing suits to their day jobs on Wall Street and the like.
Something this article didn't really get into that I've seen elsewhere: Utah also assigns a caseworker to these people, to help them work on their problems (drugs, drinking, whatever). It's a little more hands-on than just handing over some keys to an apartment; they seem to want this program to work, to have results that stick.
Part of me wonders how much of this program is influenced by Mormon culture. There's this thing known as ward council where they discuss people in the ward (congregation) who have unmet needs, and what can be done to help. Reading the article the similarity popped out to me right away. This program seems like an extension of that on a grander scale.
The problem with your theories is that actual evidence says the programs work far better than anything else we've tried. (I don't intend that to be mean or glib).
These programs typically assign a caseworker who gets to know the homeless people and forms a relationship with them. The early period involves a lot of hand-holding and helping the homeless figure out (or re-discover) how to live a productive adult life.
Most people who end up homeless turn to drugs, prostitution, and have any existing mental problems hugely exacerbated AFTER they become homeless. In other cases it is some other underlying situation (abusive childhood, etc) that triggers drug use that leads to homelessness.
There's also a strong selection effect: many people who become homeless quickly attempt to find employment and a new place to live. Those who don't get out of being homeless quickly become unemployable and thus are locked into the cycle.
As a society we seem to be stuck in this Victorian-era meme that moral failure brings calamity upon people (aka the Just World fallacy).
That applies to success the same as failure... being ambitious and smart is a necessary but not sufficient condition to become successful.
If Mark Zuckerberg got hit by a drunk driver (through no fault of his own) and became a paraplegic while at Harvard he wouldn't be a billionaire today. If he hadn't gotten into Harvard would he have had the connections to get funding and start Facebook? A million things entirely outside his control had to go right for him to be successful. It was a combination of his character, circumstances, and pure luck. If you don't have all three you won't be successful.
Similarly it doesn't take much weakness or bad luck to completely ruin someone's life.
These programs typically assign a caseworker who gets to know the homeless people and forms a relationship with them. The early period involves a lot of hand-holding and helping the homeless figure out (or re-discover) how to live a productive adult life.
Most people who end up homeless turn to drugs, prostitution, and have any existing mental problems hugely exacerbated AFTER they become homeless. In other cases it is some other underlying situation (abusive childhood, etc) that triggers drug use that leads to homelessness.
There's also a strong selection effect: many people who become homeless quickly attempt to find employment and a new place to live. Those who don't get out of being homeless quickly become unemployable and thus are locked into the cycle.
As a society we seem to be stuck in this Victorian-era meme that moral failure brings calamity upon people (aka the Just World fallacy).
That applies to success the same as failure... being ambitious and smart is a necessary but not sufficient condition to become successful.
If Mark Zuckerberg got hit by a drunk driver (through no fault of his own) and became a paraplegic while at Harvard he wouldn't be a billionaire today. If he hadn't gotten into Harvard would he have had the connections to get funding and start Facebook? A million things entirely outside his control had to go right for him to be successful. It was a combination of his character, circumstances, and pure luck. If you don't have all three you won't be successful.
Similarly it doesn't take much weakness or bad luck to completely ruin someone's life.
> you end up with "projects" with a drug problem.
That's why you don't house everyone together. This is something that America's War on Poverty got very wrong. You have to decentralize extreme poverty.
That's why you don't house everyone together. This is something that America's War on Poverty got very wrong. You have to decentralize extreme poverty.
>What about the mental health and drug (etc) issues that created the environment for unsustainable work...
We have to find a way to house people who have mental health problems and drug addictions. If you look in any rich neighborhood you'll find lots of people who meet this description living in relative comfort.
We have to find a way to house people who have mental health problems and drug addictions. If you look in any rich neighborhood you'll find lots of people who meet this description living in relative comfort.
> you end up with "projects" with a drug problem
You could just put them in high quality apartments and give them a stipend. The current proposal for a "projects" style homeless shelter where I am would have each unit cost $4,500 per month, with 90% of the units not having a private bathroom (and most not having a full kitchen).
For that price you could easily afford a high end apartment and give the people a large stipend. And if you spread the units out across the city so that each apartment building only had 1-2 homeless families, you'd avoid the problems of concentrating poverty.
You could just put them in high quality apartments and give them a stipend. The current proposal for a "projects" style homeless shelter where I am would have each unit cost $4,500 per month, with 90% of the units not having a private bathroom (and most not having a full kitchen).
For that price you could easily afford a high end apartment and give the people a large stipend. And if you spread the units out across the city so that each apartment building only had 1-2 homeless families, you'd avoid the problems of concentrating poverty.
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Great, but then you'll notice that many other people also like to have a high quality apartment and a stipend. Eventually, you have to give it to a lot of people, and those who work on low salary and pay their rent for a not-so-high-quality apartment will not be happy and many of them will also acquire a status where they deserve a high quality apartment and a stipend.
If high quality is defined as having a private bathroom, I doubt you'll see a lot of people opting for it.
Then it's probably not "high quality" but more like "decent". However, I don't know about American cities specifically, but even over here in North European socialist utopias, free housing and a "stipend" does attract people in a way that makes low-wage workers unhappy (and even give up / reluctant to take up jobs).
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Much of homelessness is caused by the high cost of housing (SF, NYC, LA, Boston, DC, London, ...) which itself is a result of "market failures" of "economic rents" which are the use of politics to create artificial scarcity. In this case, it is the use of zoning density restrictions and the overuse of historic landmark status. These restrictions make rent and the purchase of homes more expensive to the benefit of landlords. Fix the market failure, fix the zoning rules that create artificial scarcity through politics, and you will do much more to create affordable housing.
See Harvard Economist Edward Glaeser, Build Big, Bill an article which explains the high cost of housing is caused for the reasons I stated. http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/build-big-bill-article-1....
See Harvard Economist Edward Glaeser, Build Big, Bill an article which explains the high cost of housing is caused for the reasons I stated. http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/build-big-bill-article-1....
I'll weigh in from a basic income perspective...
I've held for a while that a homeless person getting into housing solves one of the biggest time sinks they have. Once the time is freed up, they are more comfortable, safer and can therefore sleep better, and they can think and make a plan to get re-integrated into mainstream society.
Commenters note that 'housing first' does not work in larger cities like San Francisco and New York because of the cost of housing. Were a basic income in place, homeless persons would be more mobile and could afford basic accommodations in many more places. Therefore, they'd not be so attracted to more hospitable climates or cities with more homeless services. That would increase the options they'd have to move to less expensive housing.
I've held for a while that a homeless person getting into housing solves one of the biggest time sinks they have. Once the time is freed up, they are more comfortable, safer and can therefore sleep better, and they can think and make a plan to get re-integrated into mainstream society.
Commenters note that 'housing first' does not work in larger cities like San Francisco and New York because of the cost of housing. Were a basic income in place, homeless persons would be more mobile and could afford basic accommodations in many more places. Therefore, they'd not be so attracted to more hospitable climates or cities with more homeless services. That would increase the options they'd have to move to less expensive housing.
But that doesn't really matter, because in terms of politcal capital, UBI is never, ever going to happen.
Imagine our technology got so good that housing, clothing and feeding most of the population is affordable without raising taxes, as in Star Trek.
It will. My theory is that it comes from solar energy. As soon as electricity generation comes to a near-zero cost, and a huge part of manufacturing cost is energy, (and the other largest cost, humans, is also displaced) we start to rapidly move to a place where traditional economies as we know them start to crumble, and we are forced (perhaps kicking and screaming) to accept that we simply can't have Full Employment (maybe not even half). After that providing people with basic rights that include housing, healthcare, etc., becomes low-cost enough that not doing so is much more detrimental.
> Imagine our technology got so good that housing, clothing and feeding most of the population is affordable without raising taxes
Why do we have to do it without raising taxes? What's wrong with paying taxes? (A shocking thing to say these days, I know!)
The U.S. could now house, feed, cloth, educate, and provide healthcare to its entire population. Is that a worthy goal? U.S. citizens pooled their money to put a person on the moon; they do it for medical research, aircraft carriers, rural telecommunication, and plenty of education and healthcare already. Why not this?
(In fairness, I say the U.S. could do it. I have no data or research, but the U.S. is pretty close to doing it, it's the wealthiest country in the history of the world, other countries do it - I'm confident it's doable.)
Why do we have to do it without raising taxes? What's wrong with paying taxes? (A shocking thing to say these days, I know!)
The U.S. could now house, feed, cloth, educate, and provide healthcare to its entire population. Is that a worthy goal? U.S. citizens pooled their money to put a person on the moon; they do it for medical research, aircraft carriers, rural telecommunication, and plenty of education and healthcare already. Why not this?
(In fairness, I say the U.S. could do it. I have no data or research, but the U.S. is pretty close to doing it, it's the wealthiest country in the history of the world, other countries do it - I'm confident it's doable.)
Or you know, real life. It's just a matter of priorities (and game theory).
The system proposed here is almost the exact opposite of a basic income:
What Powered Utah's Success...And finally, most of the advocates and agencies in Utah know each other and work well with each other. They also know most of the homeless people by name...One person recommends a name from the list...Ed Snoddy, who does medical outreach for Volunteers of America, a faith-based nonprofit, speaks up...."He is notoriously dealing (drugs) right now,"...The group agrees that this individual does not play nice with others, and isn't right for this particular apartment. For now, his name stays on the list.
They assess need/sociability and provide specific rooms to specific people they think will be well suited to them. Each person has a caseworker who helps them manage their life, since evidently these people can't do it themselves.
And these are mostly "supportive housing". I.e. paternalistic organized homes, rather than just handing out money and expecting the homeless to successfully manage their own lives. This housing isn't just regular flats, it's patrolled by off-duty cops, has lots of rules, and you get kicked out if you don't obey them.
This program is run by the guy who organizes paternalistic social programs for LDS - the state literally asked the church if they could borrow him. This is story about how awesome Mormon social technology is, and is completely the opposite of BI.
http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/02/housing-first-so...
What Powered Utah's Success...And finally, most of the advocates and agencies in Utah know each other and work well with each other. They also know most of the homeless people by name...One person recommends a name from the list...Ed Snoddy, who does medical outreach for Volunteers of America, a faith-based nonprofit, speaks up...."He is notoriously dealing (drugs) right now,"...The group agrees that this individual does not play nice with others, and isn't right for this particular apartment. For now, his name stays on the list.
They assess need/sociability and provide specific rooms to specific people they think will be well suited to them. Each person has a caseworker who helps them manage their life, since evidently these people can't do it themselves.
And these are mostly "supportive housing". I.e. paternalistic organized homes, rather than just handing out money and expecting the homeless to successfully manage their own lives. This housing isn't just regular flats, it's patrolled by off-duty cops, has lots of rules, and you get kicked out if you don't obey them.
This program is run by the guy who organizes paternalistic social programs for LDS - the state literally asked the church if they could borrow him. This is story about how awesome Mormon social technology is, and is completely the opposite of BI.
http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/02/housing-first-so...
It strikes me that the militant egalitarianism of the present age has reached its peak. The intolerant maximalism of its vulgar shamans has made such a grim backdrop that even modest efforts to hold people responsible for their actions create a bright contrast to the sad state of urban America.
Please don't post ideological rants to HN.
It's not the sort of discussion we're looking for; and people respond in kind, which produces flamewars.
It's not the sort of discussion we're looking for; and people respond in kind, which produces flamewars.
Why not take the financing for this basic income and build things like housing instead?
You can't eat housing. Yes instead of basic income or our current social services we could just build a lot of homes.
But why would you even build homes in the first place. Do you think Salt Lake City in 2005 with 2000+ chronically homeless people didn't have at least 2000 homes on the market?
But why would you even build homes in the first place. Do you think Salt Lake City in 2005 with 2000+ chronically homeless people didn't have at least 2000 homes on the market?
> Were a basic income in place, homeless persons would be more mobile and could afford basic accommodations in many more places.
Do you have any evidence that this would be the outcome? What makes you say that much of the money would go towards housing in the first place?
Do you have any evidence that this would be the outcome? What makes you say that much of the money would go towards housing in the first place?
The article mentions that they tried this in NYC. Unfortunately, the same approach doesn't work as well in a city that's almost 100 times as large as SLC, and which has a much more competitive real estate market.
The program has ended up being quite expensive to run, and it's not actually cost effective, to the point where homeless advocates actually criticize the program's in effectiveness.
It's also caused negative impact for other residents in the buildings or nearby areas. Depending on what the stipend provided by the government is and whether it's above or below market rate, landlords will either intentionally neglect and blight buildings in order to run them down, or they will refuse to rent to market tenants, with the knowledge that they can make more money from the stipends for homeless housing. This, of course, makes it more difficult to find housing and has the effect of driving prices upwards.
The program has ended up being quite expensive to run, and it's not actually cost effective, to the point where homeless advocates actually criticize the program's in effectiveness.
It's also caused negative impact for other residents in the buildings or nearby areas. Depending on what the stipend provided by the government is and whether it's above or below market rate, landlords will either intentionally neglect and blight buildings in order to run them down, or they will refuse to rent to market tenants, with the knowledge that they can make more money from the stipends for homeless housing. This, of course, makes it more difficult to find housing and has the effect of driving prices upwards.
Do you have a source for this? It was my understanding that the program was being undermined by landlords illegally refusing to accept the rental vouchers, banking on the city being lax in its enforcement. A pretty good calculation given how in bed with the real estate industry every mayoral administration has been, even an ostensibly liberal one like DeBlasio's (see the recent Rivington housing scandal).
Seems to me housing first doesn't work in New York because the politics around telling real estate are more corrupt.
http://abc7ny.com/news/the-investigators-homeless-struggling...
Seems to me housing first doesn't work in New York because the politics around telling real estate are more corrupt.
http://abc7ny.com/news/the-investigators-homeless-struggling...
> It was my understanding that the program was being undermined by landlords illegally refusing to accept the rental vouchers
If that is indeed the case, I really can't blame them. Who would want a likely mentally unstable homeless person living on their property? I'm sure the expected property damage is substantially higher than from a standard tenant. Forcing landlords to take "vouchers" for high-risk tenants is essentially forcing much of the cost of homelessness away from the city and onto the landlords.
If that is indeed the case, I really can't blame them. Who would want a likely mentally unstable homeless person living on their property? I'm sure the expected property damage is substantially higher than from a standard tenant. Forcing landlords to take "vouchers" for high-risk tenants is essentially forcing much of the cost of homelessness away from the city and onto the landlords.
Yes, there are plenty. Here's the first hit on Google: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/09/nyregion/for-some-landlord...
> The city’s Department of Homeless Services pays many times the amount the rooms would usually rent for — spending over $3,000 a month for each threadbare room without a bathroom or kitchen — because of an acute shortage in shelters for homeless men and women. Indeed, the amount the city pays.. has encouraged Mr. Lapes to switch business models and become a major private operator of homeless shelters. He is by most measures the city’s largest and owns or leases about 20 of the 231 shelters citywide. Most of the other shelters and residences are run by the city or by nonprofit agencies, but his operation is profit-making, prompting criticism from advocates for the homeless and elected officials.
> The city’s Department of Homeless Services pays many times the amount the rooms would usually rent for — spending over $3,000 a month for each threadbare room without a bathroom or kitchen — because of an acute shortage in shelters for homeless men and women. Indeed, the amount the city pays.. has encouraged Mr. Lapes to switch business models and become a major private operator of homeless shelters. He is by most measures the city’s largest and owns or leases about 20 of the 231 shelters citywide. Most of the other shelters and residences are run by the city or by nonprofit agencies, but his operation is profit-making, prompting criticism from advocates for the homeless and elected officials.
> because of an acute shortage in shelters for homeless men and women.
It sounds like the problem isn't Housing First, but a lack of resources for it.
It sounds like the problem isn't Housing First, but a lack of resources for it.
Thanks for that! I wasn't aware that the end result was essentially a privatized shelter system.
> I wasn't aware that the end result was essentially a privatized shelter system.
For the record, a privatized shelter system isn't inherently a bad thing. Private shelters are an integral part of addressing homelessness in many cities.
The problem is that this particular program is an unbelievably inefficient route to that end result, and it also does so in a way that eats away at existing inventory for long-term tenants.
For the record, a privatized shelter system isn't inherently a bad thing. Private shelters are an integral part of addressing homelessness in many cities.
The problem is that this particular program is an unbelievably inefficient route to that end result, and it also does so in a way that eats away at existing inventory for long-term tenants.
The following blog argues that there is sloppy accounting in the claimed 90+% reduction of homelessness.
"Although overall homelessness has actually increased slightly over the past decade in Utah, such a large reduction in chronic homelessness is still an impressive achievement. But is it real?
Unfortunately, no. I spent some time studying Utah’s data and found that the miraculous 91 percent reduction in chronic homelessness appears to be driven by changes in how people were counted, rather than by how many there were."
http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/9380860
"Although overall homelessness has actually increased slightly over the past decade in Utah, such a large reduction in chronic homelessness is still an impressive achievement. But is it real?
Unfortunately, no. I spent some time studying Utah’s data and found that the miraculous 91 percent reduction in chronic homelessness appears to be driven by changes in how people were counted, rather than by how many there were."
http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/9380860
I have several friends who are homeless or who have been homeless. It's really difficult to overstate how hard it is to get back out of homelessness, once you reach that point, without significant outside help.
Think of all of the stuff most folks take for granted that are pretty much mandatory in most US cities in order to get and keep a job:
1. ID. So many of the homeless folks I know have had significant trouble obtaining ID after losing it or having it stolen, or having never had one because they left home at a very young age, etc. I can't count the number of conversations I've had trying to assist folks get an ID. Our governments don't make it easy (you need at least birth certificate and Social Security card, and some sort of mail showing where you live in some cases). For people without cooperative family or with no living parents, this step is very tough. It's stupid to think that lack of a tiny thing like ID is why so many people are without work and without homes, but, it's a reality.
2. Transportation. If you have no car in most US cities, it's hard to have a job. This one reason metropolitan areas are so much more densely populated by homeless folks; mass transit tends to be most accessible in the city center.
3. Staying clean. Would you hire someone who smells bad or looks dirty for any job? Homeless folks feel invisible because people don't want to be near dirty/smelly people of indeterminate mental health. Even if someone is perfectly able to do a job, being dirty is a guarantee they won't get the job.
4. No reliable way to reach them, if someone does decide to hire them. When I hear/see someone being hostile to a homeless or poor person because they are lucky enough to have a smart phone (I guess because a phone is an expensive thing), I'm just aghast. How the hell do they expect a homeless person to get out of homelessness without a phone, email, and a way to get online? So many low-level jobs have online application processes and require interaction via email and web in order to get the job.
5. Not getting a decent night's sleep, ever. Without a home, sleeping is a challenge every single day. If there are enough beds in the shelters (never the case in any city I've lived in), they have to be in the shelter by a certain time and have to be out very early (6AM is the "checkout time" at many shelters). This does double harm. The inflexible schedule prevents folks from holding jobs that conflict with that strict schedule, like second shift and night shift work, which often pays reasonably well, and has low barriers to entry. And, it also means they probably are running on an hour or two less sleep than a human actually needs to thrive. I hung out in downtown Eugene recently, and I was told that there was at least one fight, every single night. One broke out across the street within an hour of that conversation. I don't know that poor sleep is the cause of the frequent violence, but I'm confident it's a major contributing factor (and the science on sleep deprivation backs that theory up). Now, these were street kids, who don't go to shelters because the rules are too strict for them, and they sleep in sleeping bags and tents, but they, too, aren't getting enough sleep.
In short, having a home makes a huge difference in nearly every element of chronic poverty, and that, paired with a consistent income, are the things that most indicate whether someone will be able to become a self-sufficient functioning member of society again. This is a great idea, and it's awesome that Utah has had such great success with it. I hope more cities and states implement these ideas.
Think of all of the stuff most folks take for granted that are pretty much mandatory in most US cities in order to get and keep a job:
1. ID. So many of the homeless folks I know have had significant trouble obtaining ID after losing it or having it stolen, or having never had one because they left home at a very young age, etc. I can't count the number of conversations I've had trying to assist folks get an ID. Our governments don't make it easy (you need at least birth certificate and Social Security card, and some sort of mail showing where you live in some cases). For people without cooperative family or with no living parents, this step is very tough. It's stupid to think that lack of a tiny thing like ID is why so many people are without work and without homes, but, it's a reality.
2. Transportation. If you have no car in most US cities, it's hard to have a job. This one reason metropolitan areas are so much more densely populated by homeless folks; mass transit tends to be most accessible in the city center.
3. Staying clean. Would you hire someone who smells bad or looks dirty for any job? Homeless folks feel invisible because people don't want to be near dirty/smelly people of indeterminate mental health. Even if someone is perfectly able to do a job, being dirty is a guarantee they won't get the job.
4. No reliable way to reach them, if someone does decide to hire them. When I hear/see someone being hostile to a homeless or poor person because they are lucky enough to have a smart phone (I guess because a phone is an expensive thing), I'm just aghast. How the hell do they expect a homeless person to get out of homelessness without a phone, email, and a way to get online? So many low-level jobs have online application processes and require interaction via email and web in order to get the job.
5. Not getting a decent night's sleep, ever. Without a home, sleeping is a challenge every single day. If there are enough beds in the shelters (never the case in any city I've lived in), they have to be in the shelter by a certain time and have to be out very early (6AM is the "checkout time" at many shelters). This does double harm. The inflexible schedule prevents folks from holding jobs that conflict with that strict schedule, like second shift and night shift work, which often pays reasonably well, and has low barriers to entry. And, it also means they probably are running on an hour or two less sleep than a human actually needs to thrive. I hung out in downtown Eugene recently, and I was told that there was at least one fight, every single night. One broke out across the street within an hour of that conversation. I don't know that poor sleep is the cause of the frequent violence, but I'm confident it's a major contributing factor (and the science on sleep deprivation backs that theory up). Now, these were street kids, who don't go to shelters because the rules are too strict for them, and they sleep in sleeping bags and tents, but they, too, aren't getting enough sleep.
In short, having a home makes a huge difference in nearly every element of chronic poverty, and that, paired with a consistent income, are the things that most indicate whether someone will be able to become a self-sufficient functioning member of society again. This is a great idea, and it's awesome that Utah has had such great success with it. I hope more cities and states implement these ideas.
Additionally, not having a way to prepare healthy meals nor exercise regularly leads to a steady decrease in health.
All these factors culminate into a hellish experience in which you regularly face defeat and look for an escape, something you can control, like drugs, alcohol, or death.
All these factors culminate into a hellish experience in which you regularly face defeat and look for an escape, something you can control, like drugs, alcohol, or death.
Many great points here. I think many of the responses you describe come down to fear: People are scared of someone different - what will they do? - and scared of the problem, which seems overwhelming.
> It's really difficult to overstate how hard it is to get back out of homelessness, once you reach that point, without significant outside help.
I'd add that when someone becomes homeless, they often are at their weakest point and now have to spend their limited capability on trying to survive (as you describe). On top of that, we're expecting they will overcome incredible challenges and boost themselves out of homelessness. It's just not realistic.
> It's really difficult to overstate how hard it is to get back out of homelessness, once you reach that point, without significant outside help.
I'd add that when someone becomes homeless, they often are at their weakest point and now have to spend their limited capability on trying to survive (as you describe). On top of that, we're expecting they will overcome incredible challenges and boost themselves out of homelessness. It's just not realistic.
I currently live in Eugene and have noticed a few peculiarities (near campus and away from downtown, YMMV):
* Homeless rarely have their things with them, suggesting perhaps that housing and storage are provided (at some level) to them.
* Those who panhandle near campus ask strictly for cash, and seem to some extent disappointed when they are given food instead.
* Homeless are never on campus, EVER. This seems strange to me because facilities such as bathrooms, drinking fountains, out-of-sight benches, and rain-cover, are in abundance. Clearly they are kept away, but it surprises me how EFFECTIVELY they are kept away, almost as if they are afraid of it.
* During the various University touring seasons (year round but more coming in Spring/Summer) there appears to be fewer homeless people in the more touristy areas near campus. This is purely anecdotal, but again it appears as if there is some contract with the local homeless to keep them away.
* Every morning recycling bins are spilled with their contents spread out as if someone came during the night and rumaged through them. This is particularly evident in the many alley ways near campus where most garbage/recycling is found. I would think there was some type of reward program geared towards the homeless that incentivized collection of recyclables, but it back fired and led to a large amount of littering in the area.
I have never been even close to homeless but I have always lived around it (San Francisco, Greater Bay Area, Eugene) and am somewhat fascinated by its societal implications. Eugene in particular is unique because it seems like a lot of people are trying really hard to make it better, yet are failing for a lot of reasons.
* Homeless rarely have their things with them, suggesting perhaps that housing and storage are provided (at some level) to them.
* Those who panhandle near campus ask strictly for cash, and seem to some extent disappointed when they are given food instead.
* Homeless are never on campus, EVER. This seems strange to me because facilities such as bathrooms, drinking fountains, out-of-sight benches, and rain-cover, are in abundance. Clearly they are kept away, but it surprises me how EFFECTIVELY they are kept away, almost as if they are afraid of it.
* During the various University touring seasons (year round but more coming in Spring/Summer) there appears to be fewer homeless people in the more touristy areas near campus. This is purely anecdotal, but again it appears as if there is some contract with the local homeless to keep them away.
* Every morning recycling bins are spilled with their contents spread out as if someone came during the night and rumaged through them. This is particularly evident in the many alley ways near campus where most garbage/recycling is found. I would think there was some type of reward program geared towards the homeless that incentivized collection of recyclables, but it back fired and led to a large amount of littering in the area.
I have never been even close to homeless but I have always lived around it (San Francisco, Greater Bay Area, Eugene) and am somewhat fascinated by its societal implications. Eugene in particular is unique because it seems like a lot of people are trying really hard to make it better, yet are failing for a lot of reasons.
"Every morning recycling bins are spilled with their contents spread out as if someone came during the night and rumaged through them."
This one I can explain. Oregon has a deposit/return program; several states have them. The basic premise is that every product in a can or bottle includes a deposit fee, which you only get back when you return the can or bottle for recycling. I think the deposit is .05 on most single serving sized bottles and cans. So, 20 cans collected is $1.00. 100 is enough to buy a pretty good meal. It's kind of a normal part of some homeless folks day to roam around collecting bottles and cans; it's not as profitable as flying a sign at a busy intersection or busking, or even just asking for money downtown, but it is maybe more comfortable for the folks who don't want to beg (I can understand that; I don't know if I could ask someone for money even if I were starving, with this damned American work ethic and foolish pride).
Since there is very little incentive to put the trash back in the bins after they've collected the items that are worth month, they just leave the trash on the ground. I guess there is even a disincentive to pick up the mess; that's time that could have been spent collecting more items worth money. It's annoying, but perfectly rational.
I've never asked any of the folks I know why they don't spend any time on campus; I've never been to the campus, myself, so it's not part of my Eugene experience, thus far. Downtown (and Whiteaker for bus and van dwellers) is clearly the preferred location in Eugene. Springfield's homeless are much more widely disbursed, not sure why, and seem to congregate in a few specific locations near the river. I haven't really made the acquaintance of any of them to ask, but I see them on my walk between the RV park where I'm staying and the co-working space I'm renting in Springfield. They tend to be older, and I suspect they want nothing to do with the kids in downtown Eugene, because of how much drama there is among that crowd.
Eugene is an interesting place, in terms of how visible the homeless population is. There seems to be somewhat less hostility in both directions (i.e. in a lot of places I've lived, homeless folks are treated very poorly, and they tend to be surly in response...that dynamic doesn't seem to play out here; there's maybe less fear in both directions). I dunno. I don't have solutions, really, but I do like to see people treated with basic human decency, no matter what their situation. I judge a city (and its inhabitants), to a significant degree, by how it treats those most at risk and most in need; and homeless folks are certainly among the most at risk and most in need.
This one I can explain. Oregon has a deposit/return program; several states have them. The basic premise is that every product in a can or bottle includes a deposit fee, which you only get back when you return the can or bottle for recycling. I think the deposit is .05 on most single serving sized bottles and cans. So, 20 cans collected is $1.00. 100 is enough to buy a pretty good meal. It's kind of a normal part of some homeless folks day to roam around collecting bottles and cans; it's not as profitable as flying a sign at a busy intersection or busking, or even just asking for money downtown, but it is maybe more comfortable for the folks who don't want to beg (I can understand that; I don't know if I could ask someone for money even if I were starving, with this damned American work ethic and foolish pride).
Since there is very little incentive to put the trash back in the bins after they've collected the items that are worth month, they just leave the trash on the ground. I guess there is even a disincentive to pick up the mess; that's time that could have been spent collecting more items worth money. It's annoying, but perfectly rational.
I've never asked any of the folks I know why they don't spend any time on campus; I've never been to the campus, myself, so it's not part of my Eugene experience, thus far. Downtown (and Whiteaker for bus and van dwellers) is clearly the preferred location in Eugene. Springfield's homeless are much more widely disbursed, not sure why, and seem to congregate in a few specific locations near the river. I haven't really made the acquaintance of any of them to ask, but I see them on my walk between the RV park where I'm staying and the co-working space I'm renting in Springfield. They tend to be older, and I suspect they want nothing to do with the kids in downtown Eugene, because of how much drama there is among that crowd.
Eugene is an interesting place, in terms of how visible the homeless population is. There seems to be somewhat less hostility in both directions (i.e. in a lot of places I've lived, homeless folks are treated very poorly, and they tend to be surly in response...that dynamic doesn't seem to play out here; there's maybe less fear in both directions). I dunno. I don't have solutions, really, but I do like to see people treated with basic human decency, no matter what their situation. I judge a city (and its inhabitants), to a significant degree, by how it treats those most at risk and most in need; and homeless folks are certainly among the most at risk and most in need.
Is there any kind of communication network for homeless, homeless advocates, homeless volunteers, etc. to communicate various local initiatives that have proven productive in improving the lives of homeless people?
Another article on this, from 2014: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7099784.
Nevada is probably putting their homeless on a bus and sending them to Utah. Not being funny here, they got caught doing that in the past.
Tl;dr well organized paternalism which also excludes (or at least deprioritizes) the antisocial. Kind of the opposite of everything that is popular with the HN crowd.
A big focus was on re-employment and having a fixed postal address. Those who lost their jobs and then their homes with no fixed address were unable to obtain another job and hence fell into a spiral of chronic homelessness.
One of the big takeaways from Italian policy was to firstly provide temporary housing. The second was to create a 'virtual' postal address for anyone affected by homelessness. This apparently helped a lot in enabling people to climb out of homelessness and back onto the career ladder.