Memory Mapped files do exist in some form or another though. As the file itself. That's the point of memory mapping files. You can right now memory map every file on your computer. That's TB of files. There will be no physical RAM usage and no swap file usage unless you start to actually work with those files (at which point they will be paged in). This will show as 'committed memory' in task manager.
Your example above isn't memory mapping files. It's just allocating RAM. That does have to exist in RAM or the swap file. But that's not what 'committed memory' above shows. Which is the whole point. The column the article is telling people to use is misleading.
This doesn't occur if you memory map a file though (barring certain flags that you can set as stated by quotemstr below)
You can legitimately have Windows stating many GB's of committed RAM without actually using that RAM and it's not using the systems pagefile/swap. It's also common for this to occur. Pretty much every program capable of opening large files (GB+) in a non-sequential fashion does this.
I'm not going to dispute that but just want to highlight it doesn't change the fact that committed RAM can show as extremely high just by working with memory mapped files.
Memory mapping a GB log file for example will absolutely show GB's of committed memory but in reality you'll only have the last page in actual physical RAM.
This article correctly states that committed memory is that in use + memory that's being paged out. Now why would you want to know the committed memory over the actual physical RAM in use?
I can trivially create an app that memory maps a massive file and will show several GB of committed memory. This won't be in use of course, memory mapping files so that the OS will page in/out as required is intentional. Those GB of committed memory aren't something you should care about. I'd be scared if someone looked at the committed memory use of a program that correctly uses mmap and caused someone to exclaim "OMG this is uses TB of RAM!".
Task Manager is doing the right thing here. It's showing you want's actually paged in and in use right now.
Things i see:
A case preventing NSA widespread wiretapping,
A case forcing authorities to obtain warrants for cellphone history,
An FOI request for the use of widespread wiretapping,
A case to force Nevada to provide legal representation for those who cannot afford it
A challenge against the consitutionality of an executive order signed by the president
A case against declaring people "enemy combatants" and claiming they have no rights
Can you think of a more positive organization? I suspect some people don't like some of the cases the ACLU brings but that's the whole point of the ACLU. They are there to make sure everything is correctly challenged in court, they have had cases where they have supported the far right an the far left. If the volunteer lawyers of the ACLU bring something that you think has no merit to court and they win don't blame the ACLU. Blame the laws. The ACLU are the one organization ensuring laws are correctly tested and implemented.
Belgium was bristling with defenses in WW2. In the same way France, Poland and the Western front of Russia were. They had networks of expensive forts with numerous gun turrets on them.
Wars tend to expose obsolete military doctrines. Big fortresses on land and sea (battleships) that can bombard targets many miles away are great if the enemy doesn't just fly in.
>we know that light can be bent by the warping of space-time due to gravity
That literally is light obeying gravity. Gravity interacts exclusively by the warping of space-time. Gravity and the Higgs field are completely 100% unrelated.
In that case the government led the charade, from claims of 'nuc-u-lar weapons' (as Bush pronounced it) to the claims of buying Yellowcake from Niger, the government led it and the media just went along.
In this case the media is doing it themselves from the start.
A brief explanation of why primes peak at repeated multiples from a layman who's wondered why before.
Obvious first example all primes above 2 are of the form 2x+1. An obvious repeating pattern of primes.
You can take this a small step further. All primes above 6 are of the form 6x+1 or 6x+5. Anything else is a multiple of 2 or 3. Above 6 only 1/3 of numbers are worthy of being considered prime. This is a slightly less obvious example.
A small step further - all primes above 30 are of the form 30x+1, 30x+7, 30x+11, 30x+13, 30x+17, 30x+19, 30x+23 or 30x+29. Anything else is a multiple of 2,3 or 5. So above 30 only 8/30 numbers are worthy of being considered prime. See how we've created a new pattern for the multiple of 2x3x5 to rule out a swath of prime candidates..
I could repeat this each prime found. eg. I could take the common multiple of 2,3,5,7 (210) and create a similar pattern for all numbers above 210 that rules out the repeated multiples of 2,3,5 and 7. (leaving us just 58/210 numbers worthy of being considered prime).
This is why you see peaks of primes at various repeating multiples. For every new prime found you can take the multiple of it and all previous primes. From that you can rule out primality for various offsets to any multiples of that number. So primes above certain numbers can only possibly exist in certain forms. Which is why you see primes at repeated patterns from each other - the primes can only exist in those forms.
Point to point is more efficient if you can fill the plane.
Hub and spoke - an indirect flight where you perform extra inefficient landings/takeoffs.
Direct flight - shortest possible distance. Maximum time in the most efficient configuration.
The only issue is that you have to fill the plane to 100% and that might be harder with direct flights between certain destinations. Although i'm sure modern booking systems (automatic pricing to fill all planes) help a lot with this.
Both the A380 and 787 have higher internal cabin pressures (equivalent of 6000ft). All other planes operate at lower pressure. Anything above 6000ft leads to altitude sickness for those who live at ~0ft.
I had to renew my drivers licence online as i'm overseas. I was blocked on account registration by Javascript errors so i made this guide to help others work around the poorly maintained site.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2595605