Red Hat net income is growing pretty consistently though [0].
With this price for debt, IBM could be cash-flow positive on this deal within a couple of years even without any big synergy, just by the simple effect of cumulated growth on (net) income.
Basically Pearl argues that classical statistics completely ignored the concept of causality so far and introduces a complete framework to bring causal inference into statistical/data analysis. The framework is based on graphs and asks for causal hypotheses (like econometricians would do with instrumental variables) and allows to compute/quantify causal effects.
Anyone working with data should probably read this book. The fact that Pearl brought in a professional math/science writer as co-author is a huge boost to the main ideas accessibility and make for a nice albeit deep summer read.
I'm surprised to find no mention of Solaris by Stanislaw Lem among the fiction references. In this novel, a whole planet is somehow a living organism, truly alien to human conception of life.
On that topic Harari's Homo Deus is a pretty interesting read. He argues that Humanism is the de facto "new" (2-3 centuries old) religion. Soon to be replace by the celebration of something even more global -- data.
With this price for debt, IBM could be cash-flow positive on this deal within a couple of years even without any big synergy, just by the simple effect of cumulated growth on (net) income.
[0] https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/RHT/red-hat/net-in...