There definitely are. I studied entirely in English at TU Darmstadt for example (that was in 2004). They also offered free German classes in a preparatory program back then.
There definitely also are programs exclusively in English. Many however are rather partly in English with more option for a Masters degree. I'd check the programs at TU Munich in particular. Karlsruhe, Aachen, Darmstadt are also worth considering albeit less attractive places to live in. All degrees are accredited.
My major/minor B.Sc. degree was recognized as a dual major in the US.
(So, if you are one of five experts in the world on say, mining safety, you still have to wait 10 years for a permanent residency just by virtue of where you were born.)
that's not correct. that person would be eligible for an O1. I haven't heard of any plans to change the mechanisms of the O1 visa
There definitely are. I studied entirely in English at TU Darmstadt for example (that was in 2004). They also offered free German classes in a preparatory program back then.