re, iteration: Have you encountered ImGui [0]? It's basically standard when prototyping any sort of graphical application.
re, GUIs in statically typed languages: As you might expect, folks typically use a library. See Unreal Engine, raylib, godot, qt, etc. Sans that, any sort of 2D graphics library can get the job done with a little work.
You might also take a look at SwiftUI if you have an Apple device.
Doesn't the Fed do exactly that though? And without political influence? What would a different pro-labor system look like that could deal with national monetary crises?
Without the Fed, how would you advise the nation deal with events like the Great Depression, the Great Recession, or COVID? Would you disagree that the Feds actions shortened these events and thus helped the public in the process?
I'd be interested in learning more about your workflow. I've certainly used plaintext files (and similar such things) to aid in project planning, but I've never used paper beyond taking a few notes here and there.
This is a red herring. Rogue regimes will, by construction, seek the security offered by nuclear weapons. Hence the need, where possible, to apply diplomatic or military means to prevent exactly that.