Sometimes, sure, but as someone new, you have no power to change it. Department head might, I cannot really say. In addition, I believe funding agencies have the bigger role, and they also have such requirements.
There are not if you are working in it. Some grants for example include provisions that you publish in tier so and so journals. If that is the case, there might be one of those that is open-access / independent, but more likely there is not.
You don't need money for the UG either. You might need money for operating expenses later etc, but that's not what OP complained about and should be similar for an LLC. (Depending on type of business, location etc)
US unionization tbh sounds a bit like works council election in Germany, as that happens per business / vendor etc and fe in case of delivery apps or Tesla, Amazon etc is met with hostility
tbh, the last 2-3 version bumps, main change has been that they take longer, and cost more/have more usage restrictions. (combined with new tooling, which eats a ton of tokens)
It’s not easy to build a good tui though. Like fe compare Claude code and opencode. Opencode is an atrocious approximation of a window system as a tui.
AFAIK it has enough precedent (also depending a bit on jurisdiction, but you only need one) but the interpretations of what that/the license should cover differ. Like f e if you wanted to argue driver devs would have to open-source their firmware blobs or their proprietary driver loaded by a kernel shim you will have a tough time and prob lose
Under any current / capitalist system by design it won’t be different because managers/capital want to increase gains, which contradicts allowing you to keep the gains.