Nicotine itself may not be a carcinogen, but its metabolites are.
Nicotine itself has been demonstrated to be a tumor promoter by way of increasing tumor cell division in lung cancer and inhibiting apoptosis.
Quoting chemical highlight 25-1 from "Organic Chemistry" 6th edition by Vollhardt & Schore:
Nicotine appears to play a dual contributory role, because its metabolites are outright carcinogens and because the parent system itself, while not causing cancer, is a tumor promoter.
The metabolic pathway has as the initial step the N-nitrosation of the azacyclopentane (pyrrolidine) nitrogen. Oxidation and ring opening (compare Chemical Highlight 21-3) then take place, giving a mixture of two N-nitrosodialkanamines (N-nitrosamines), each of which is a
known powerful carcinogen.
Upon protonation of the oxygen in the nitroso group,
these substances become reactive alkylating agents, capable
of transferring methyl groups to nucleophilic sites in biological molecules such as DNA, as shown below. The diazohydroxide that remains decomposes through a diazonium ion to a carbocation, which may inflict additional molecular
damage (Section 21-10).
As luck would have it, I tried Antigravity for the first time a few days ago.
It was a complete buggy mess - at one point I asked Gemini why it could not use the network despite having network access enabled in the sandbox settings, and it told me that although it had network access, it couldn't use mdnsresponder while running with the built-in sandbox. Like, how well thought out, network access without DNS.
After burning through about 80% of my 5-hour window of credits, I finally just went sandboxless to get the thing running. It hit the limit pretty quickly. I waited until the 5 hour limit was up, and found the 5 hour window had morphed into a one week window, still drained of credits.
I thought at least I can keep on using Gemini CLI until Google figures out this Antigravity thing. Oh well.
> Blocking the right car lane for a drop off is perfectly legal outside of No Stopping zones.
In which municipality?
In most cities and states in the US, it is illegal to obstruct a roadway. Taxis may get some carve-outs for loading and unloading disabled people, but usually, even taxis are supposed to pull over before stopping for a passenger.
One of the often-overlooked terms of use that people ignore when accessing a payroll processing / human resources website is that the company providing those services can "share" your data with "trusted partners" which essentially allows them to move your income and other personal information to other entities which, in turn, sell that information to anyone who is willing to pay.
It's one of the more abusive uses of click-through agreements - in order to get paid, you have to login and setup your payroll information, and in order to login, you have to click through and agree to these terms, and there is no way to opt out during or after the process.
Whenever you see a "high-fat diet" study, you can usually translate that to "hypercaloric diet" study, and this one is no exception.
One fly food was 8% glucose (.308 kcal/g) and the other was 8% glucose + 20% coconut oil (.308 kcal/g + .7136 kcal/g = 1.0216 kcal/g) leaving the high-fat arm with 332% of the caloric density of the standard fly food diet. The discrepancy clouds how much of the observed effect is due to the coconut oil, and how much is due to the difference in caloric density.
I looked into how well fruit flies self-regulate caloric consumption, but all that I could find was related to carbohydrates and protein. It would seem that fruit flies don't typically eat much in the way of fats, presenting another confounder in the results.
Quoting chemical highlight 25-1 from "Organic Chemistry" 6th edition by Vollhardt & Schore:
Nicotine appears to play a dual contributory role, because its metabolites are outright carcinogens and because the parent system itself, while not causing cancer, is a tumor promoter.
The metabolic pathway has as the initial step the N-nitrosation of the azacyclopentane (pyrrolidine) nitrogen. Oxidation and ring opening (compare Chemical Highlight 21-3) then take place, giving a mixture of two N-nitrosodialkanamines (N-nitrosamines), each of which is a known powerful carcinogen.
Upon protonation of the oxygen in the nitroso group, these substances become reactive alkylating agents, capable of transferring methyl groups to nucleophilic sites in biological molecules such as DNA, as shown below. The diazohydroxide that remains decomposes through a diazonium ion to a carbocation, which may inflict additional molecular damage (Section 21-10).
You can read more at https://archive.org/stream/VollhardtOrganicChemistryStructur...