Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality. Written by a senior researcher at MIRI, it distills all the cogsci and pop psychology books you can think of (Kahneman, Freakonomics, Gladwell) into a smart, funny, engaging, book-length book-quality fanfic. Plus it's available freely online. Seeing these methods applied by a protagonist helped me internalize them far more than any number of rereads of other books could have.
If that's too frivolous for you, Rationality: From AI to Zombies is the textbook format of all this information, from the same author.