The answer for the bad conduct is suspensions, but the PA fights hard to keep them toothless. I don't understand why they want to defend their member giving dirty hits instead of the one receiving them, but it certainly seems that way to me.
I think you're almost right. If the federal government built it and amortized the cost across every town/city in Canada then it could very well be cheaper. I think siblings are correct that a one off would be a mistake though.
I know you're implying that they don't care anymore, but I think over-working leads to fatigue and rush jobs/corner cutting, which is a great way to end up with security flaws.
On the Kindle Fire we had a "secure enclave" bit of hardware so the files were encrypted with a key that was hard/impossible for users to get. I don't think regular android has anything like that, but they might use Widevine or something similar
As a java developer I really don't find 1 to be a problem at all. Lots of people complain about checked exceptions, but they solve this problem. It's very easy to see which functions throw and which don't. I'd even argue that the invisibility that is there is a positive -- I usually don't want to think about the error case, but can easily trace the exceptional path if I do. I find that often functions need to go back up the stack to handle issues, in which case the exception control flow is exactly what I want.
Runtime exceptions, on the other hand, are invisible and can be an issue, but things like running out of memory, or overflowing the stack, well, I really don't want to have to write:
public int add(int x, int y) throws OutOfMemoryException, StackOverflowException, ...
For 2, I find that they just create 1 extra exit point, which is back up the stack/to the catch handler. You could certainly abuse them to cause problems, but I personally don't find this to be an issue in practice.
I think that everyone agrees that unstructured flow of control is problematic, but checked exceptions do have structure, even if it's a bit of a loose one.