This is incorrect. Fractional reserve lending means that they can keep a fraction of deposits as reserve and loan out the rest. This necessarily means they are not fully covered in times of large withdrawals.
The exam is the same, but the scores required vary by a large margin based on if you are in a reserved category or open category.
I'm not saying that someone with a lower exam score cannot be a better doctor than someone with a higher score, but I would assume there would be a strong correlation
To avail the benefit of writing off taxes, the ex-business owner requires future income. Who's to say that he/she won't be unemployed for a long while after devastating their life savings?