Unless it’s some utopian value-based family company, the goal of any company will ultimately become to maximize profit and/or growth because that is what shareholders want.
It's a very interesting episode, If you're curious I would advice to listen to it in full. On this topic I perceived 'western' as a proxy for individualistic societies. The argument is indeed that these very collectivistic societies do not consider intent as an important factor. Within those societies shame is also a very important emotion versus the individualistic 'guilt'. One other interesting finding was that self-confidence has no correlation with life satisfaction in those societies.
A country like China would actually be in the middle on that scale, and it was also discussed how it's rapidly becoming more individualistic due to a number of policies, most notably the one-child policy.
Well it’s different as in this case it’s translated from a Cyrillic alphabet. Also, I would be surprised to read Köln in English as an English name exists for the city: Cologne.