I've done whiteboard only interviews, as well as shared doc/coderpad only, and I find both limiting. When thinking about the problem, it's great to have a whiteboard to sketch examples etc, but writing code is much easier with a text editor.
Recently I interviewed at Google, and they had no problem fulfilling my request to do both: sketch the solution approach on whiteboard and then write the code with a laptop.
I find it strange you mention transfer learning, since one of the reasons neural networks are so popular are because they tend to excel at it. Adapting (i.e. fine-tuning) networks trained on a task with a lot of data (e.g. image classification on ImageNet) to different tasks, such as image segmentation, has proven a very successful approach.
In your example, this would correspond to having the number x = 0 +-1 and then wanting to compute 1/x. If your number can potentially be zero, why would you want to use it as a divisor?
https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/authors/ARbTQlRLRjE/matthe...