They are taught the difference through reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards. Pretending you've solved the task or making up a story about how you solved it won't do well in that training step.
Normally people refer to the compute-bound phase as "prefill". Nothing wrong with saying it's building the kv cache though, it's accurate just unusual.
Having Mojo support multiple platforms creates incentive to adopt Mojo and therefore write code in a language which can compile and run on Qualcomm hardware. This is good for Qualcomm.
However the danger is that the language sees wide adoption but nobody uses it with Qualcomm hardware. Instead it might encourage people to buy AMD. This is a terrible outcome for Qualcomm. They paid to boost someone else's sales.
So the incentive is to make sure it runs best on Qualcomm and to at least slightly hobble other hardware. But the safest thing overall is to support Nvidia, Qualcomm, and that's it.
The top end of the range they've shown here for A2W will assume you only heat the water to a very low temperature, and have a huge underfloor radiator. If you do that, and you only heat the water to 35C, A2W can be more efficient.
Most UK houses have radiators and not underfloor heating and so cannot operate in that way without a hugely expensive retrofit of underfloor heating. It's typical to heat the water to over 50C if you want to reuse installed radiators. In this configuration the A2W pump is less efficient than A2A.
Worth noting these numbers are low. Latest A2A pumps can have COP of up to 4, but an A2W can achieve 4.5 if you keep water temps very low.
Modular now joins SYCL, OpenCL, and One API on the list of cross platform languages which never really became cross platform.
After so long and so much investment in AI, the best cross-platorm API we've got for high performance Kernels is vulcan, a graphics API. That is sad.
Still, this is pretty good for Modular's employees, probably good for Qualcomm. It's just terribly disappointing for anyone who invested time learning mojo in the hope it might actually become cross platform.
Air to water heat pumps are typically less efficient than air to air. Both will work in cold UK temperatures. However the water is often heated to a higher temperature which can reduce efficiency.
Question two: Why are OpenAI spending that money taking talent from Google, who can definitely outspend them for talent, and not Anthropic, who are leading the market and are at least somewhat financially constrained.
The way I thought it worked was that congress would set a budget and scientists would decide how to spend it.
Perhaps naively I thought these scientists would want to do science and would be unwilling to steer funds away from whichever projects they liked in order to fund the removal of some sensors.
I guess maybe the scientists who make these decisions are also partisan and happy to do as the administration asks.
I understand the present US administration would want to stop funding this, and that they have the power to do so.
I don't understand how that has led to the sensor network being dismantled. Surely it would have been cheaper to leave it in place and stop maintaining it?
I was suggesting US models are very good, and would probably be preferable to a less capable sovereign AI. My point was that this makes building European sovereign AI unappealing.
Similarly I was not suggesting Chinese models are an alternative to sovereign AI. An alternative which might be able to fulfil some of the objectives of a real sovereign AI while being far cheaper.
Forget regulations, would it make sense for Europe to train a frontier model of it's own? Would it be sufficiently better than fine tuning a Chinese model? Would it actually be competitive with US frontier models? Would enough people pay to use it even within Europe to pay for the training costs? Do we have enough inference capacity that enough people /could/ use it? Would being "European" allow any governments in Europe to trust it, rather than deciding that actually there needs to be a French, German, Italian, Spanish and UK sovereign AI?
I am guessing that enough of these questions can be answered with "no" that nobody really wants to invest.
For the same reason there isn't really a serious third start up competitor to OpenAI and Anthropic.
Britain didn't abandon it's space programme. It abandoned a launch rocket programme though. That was over 50 years ago and the rocket was less capable and more expensive than alternatives at the time.
The article is right that open models already compete well with the frontier labs, and that the main thing holding big corps back from switching is fear of China.
I can't see OpenAI or Anthropic undermining their business by releasing top tier open models, but surely Nvidia will do it eventually.
I saw one useful feature added, which was support for lower resistance tips. You can also get it to report on the input voltage which is marginally useful if running on battery.
Most of it seems to be people having fun. Animations, enabling Bluetooth, web interfaces over aforementioned Bluetooth, etc. That's all pretty cool and hacker news is hardly the place to question why you'd want to do it, but I'll admit I find the number of people interested in hacking on a soldering iron a bit of a surprise!