Let me give you a simple detection algorithm. Apply OCR to the screenshot because they often use logos. Also, parse the text from the HTML and compare it to the URL. You can catch a lot of spam this way.You can also examine many parameters in the js html code.
That's why I'm developing a system that only allows messaging with authorized senders using email addresses, chat addresses, and phone addresses, and a tool that feeds anonymized information into an LLM API, retrieves the output, reverses the anonymization, and responds to the sender.
Here you will find all official resources provided by the Turkish state. You can register as a foreign citizen and conduct research. However, knowing Turkish is a great advantage. You can find more accurate documents by searching in the summaries, because all documents are archived with a short Turkish explanation - a summary. Also, most scanned images you want to download are paid.
I started my web development with PHP back when there was a free 110MB hosting planner. Running websites there was a lot of fun. These days I still host websites using PHP, but the APIs are usually handled by Rust Node.js in the background. Of course, this depends on the user base. Smaller projects still use pure PHP PostgreSQL.
There used to be a website called Planet SourceCode where everyone uploaded their own code. I would download the zip files from there and build clone programs by watching how everyone else did it. Mostly programs for Windows XP, Visual Basic and Delphi clones.