This vectorless, vision RAG notebook passes PDF page images directly to Vision Language Models without OCR or embeddings. This eliminates the text extraction pipeline entirely, no layout detection, no character recognition, no vector search — only visual reasoning over document images, retrieved through reasoning-based hierarchical tree search.
This challenges a foundational assumption in document AI: that text must first be extracted before it can be understood. Traditional RAG pipelines depend on OCR for text recognition, chunk the extracted text, embed those chunks into vectors, and retrieve by similarity.
Each transformation step introduces error: tables fragment, spatial relationships dissolve, annotations separate from their anchors. Vectorless Vision RAG collapses this multi-stage process into just two steps: reasoning-based page retrieval, then visual interpretation. The VLM sees the document as it was meant to be read — a complete visual artifact with intact structure, typography, and spatial semantics.
The implication isn't that OCR or embeddings are obsolete, it's that preprocessing pipelines should justify their complexity cost. When the final model itself can consume the original representation, intermediate transformations become architectural overhead, rather than enabling infrastructure, a relic of a text-first paradigm in a world moving toward reasoning-native, vectorless document understanding.
This challenges a foundational assumption in document AI: that text must first be extracted before it can be understood. Traditional RAG pipelines depend on OCR for text recognition, chunk the extracted text, embed those chunks into vectors, and retrieve by similarity.
Each transformation step introduces error: tables fragment, spatial relationships dissolve, annotations separate from their anchors. Vectorless Vision RAG collapses this multi-stage process into just two steps: reasoning-based page retrieval, then visual interpretation. The VLM sees the document as it was meant to be read — a complete visual artifact with intact structure, typography, and spatial semantics.
The implication isn't that OCR or embeddings are obsolete, it's that preprocessing pipelines should justify their complexity cost. When the final model itself can consume the original representation, intermediate transformations become architectural overhead, rather than enabling infrastructure, a relic of a text-first paradigm in a world moving toward reasoning-native, vectorless document understanding.