This topic misses the forest for the trees. Even if there is a cognitive difference in people who speak multiple languages, the magnitude of the advantage/disadvantage pales in comparison to the far more impactful difference in the understanding of the world that proficiency in another language gives you.
If you're a monolingual American born English speaker and you learn Chinese and go live in China for a year, you're going to come back with a much different understanding of Chinese culture and its people. Who cares if your IQ went up or down half a point on account of learning to speak mandarin- your understanding of the lives of billions of people just increased dramatically. That's why it's good to learn a language- culture, not cognition.
Always worth it to spend 2-3x the time authoring a message with explicit context since it's going to save every reader 2-3x the time figuring out what you're talking about.
Just to emphasize your point, we're talking about a death toll of 6k+ people to build these stadiums. What a stain on fifa, football and worldwide respect for human rights to say the least.
> It very much upset me that someone like Donald Trump got to be in office over Hillary Clinton (an opinion I now redact).
Well that just about says it all eh? Let's put everything else aside, how do you hold this opinion after January 6? And this article was written today?
Might as well chime in with the basic back-of-a-napkin strength program -> One movement for: (1) vertical push, (2) vertical pull, (3) horizontal push, (4) horizontal pull, (5) glutes/"back of your legs", (6) quadriceps/"front of your legs".
To beat the dead horse, deadlifts definitely involve pulling but it's primarily a glutes exercise. Adding in dedicated pulls like pullups and rows will give you a lot of bang for your buck.