This is so blatantly wrong. On macs it became a little bit hrder very recently (you need to tick a checkmark in the system setting to allow untrusted program running) otherwise you just need to run the program once via right-click.
On most user-friendly linux distros you can just run installer of any program.
While it might be ok to use colloquially the term, "Fenwick trees" since it became a common name, calling them "a Fenwick's work" and not mentioning Ryabko is a clear misattribution.
The proof that e is irrational is very simple, follows from its famous expansion as a sum of inverse factorials. Non-algebraicity is a can of worms though.
I think the text is geared towards people with some mathematical background who want to understand learning theory. Besides it is clearly stated that this chapter is a review (so its assumed that you learned or will learn these things elsewhere).
In all recent US wars civilian casualties vastly outnumber military ones. In the Ukrainian war civilian casualties constitute less than 10% of overall casualties. Outstanding precision for a rusty hatchet.
You are being nitpicky about the names while missing the substance. The first battle was the French capture of Saarbrucken. So no, Prussia did not "attacked first".
This is a misconception. The main result in the Kolmogorov complexity theory that there is precisely the "universal prior" that comes simply from the notion of computability.