I've been writing a series on _Image Processing_ algorithms in WebGL covering a range of topics such as Color Correction, Blend Modes, Thresholding, Dithering, Convolution and Film Grain.
The "From Nand to Tetris" course or in book form "The Elements of Computing Systems". This steps through building a computer from scratch. Starting with building logic gates from transistors, through to building a CPU and then writing assembly.
https://maximmcnair.com/webgl-image-processing