There are multiple time scales synaptic plasticity happens on. For instance, ion channels can be moved in or out of the membrane to modulate excitability. On a longer time scale, gene expression can change. Synaptic plasticity can get really complicated, but Kandel's book has some great chapters on mechanism.
But this is exactly about what punishment should be. She was judged and punished by the laws that we have created. Extrajudicial punishment is arbitrary and unstandardized. Furthermore, this social exclusion after prison drives increased rates of recidivism. Reformation would be a benefit for society and the individual.
Also, her son could have been the next Hitler as much as the next Jesus. I have never been convinced by that type of argument.
Yes, but they are attempting to describe what happens to a population (i.e. in general terms). You claim to be an ubermensch, yet don't seem to grasps how distributions work.
I don't really understand how this would work out. A 65% tax on renters would really drive them away wouldn't it? If you were to collect enough to create the "construction fund", cheap buildings would be built, but who would buy them? If a bunch of buildings were built and rent prices dropped, wouldn't that further block people from purchasing buildings from rent too?