I don't believe there is a role like this in the product teams at Microsoft anymore.
There are groups within Commercial Software Engineering who are technology-aligned and work within a specific domain (ex: Kubernetes or Machine Learning), but that may not be what you are looking for. I did a quick search on the Microsoft Careers page and didn't see any openings in those groups.
Microsoft | Boulder, CO | Senior Software Engineer | ONSITE (can frequently work from home) | Full Time
Microsoft is looking for a Senior Software Engineer in Boulder, CO for its Commercial Software Engineering (CSE) team.
This is a role where you will work with a wide range of technologies and languages, developing cloud solutions side-by-side with software engineers outside of Microsoft. We are looking for a senior engineer who has a strong background in cloud architecture, a history of mentoring junior engineers, and strong software engineering skills. The role does involve traveling to customer locations roughly twice every three months (flying in on a Monday and out on a Friday) - all travel is planned well in advance.
This isn't a consulting role - there are no billable hours, we work side-by-side with external engineers building projects with them, not for them. Project schedules are determined collectively by both parties and we ensure we don't burn engineers out (work-life balance is a high priority). This role doesn't involve any on-call responsibilities during or after a customer project.
There are groups within Commercial Software Engineering who are technology-aligned and work within a specific domain (ex: Kubernetes or Machine Learning), but that may not be what you are looking for. I did a quick search on the Microsoft Careers page and didn't see any openings in those groups.