the other side from my experience at a previous engineering job is that it can also breed deep defensive layers around bad engineering work.
the same 3 core people stayed on the project for 11 years from the begging and hired and fired around weither you're a threat to their position. managers would come and go, they were helpless and held no real power in the project, until they settled for a puppet manager who would defer every decision up to them and act as a secretary.
the result was a huge pile of tech debt that only they could touch and they kept getting raises because the project couldn't afford to lose them, until the project died of it own weight.
the next step after PID control is state-space based control.
it's not a single tool but more of a framework. it goes beyond frequency based representations and can also model non-linear control problems.
the kalman filter is an example of the use of this framework where it's combined with statistics.
the problem in control theory though is that once you want to go beyond linear control things get very difficult, most of the literature seems to be about finding clever ways of approximating your problem into something linear.
In Europe the older you are, the better paid you are.
every employer claims to reward skills but does nothing of the sort. the practical way to get paid more is just to be older.
As I see from reading a little about the field's history and the literature, it suffered the same fate of other endeavors that are complex and still have a lot to be solved.
people become interested in it, try to find simpler 'popular' formulation and then the watered down versions become more popular than the original more complex version that need more rigor and discipline.
the watered down versions become more popular but without the rigor and discipline, you can argue and conclude everything and they opposite with these tools.
so people on the outside see the field as yet another fad and the whole field die down taking down with it the original version.
much like in AI with everyone labeling their stuff as AI which dilute the term more and more as time passes.
what Cybernetics and systems engineering needs is a rebranding and separation from the more 'soft' side that developed latter.
this is where I think some researchers on category theory like Jules Hedges might help. it would help defining dynamical and more general system in a vague but still formal way, say with a computer proof assistant sort of tool.
well that the theorical rules, in practice things can vary wildly. expescially on which prefecture/department you have to apply from.
As another commenter said the time can be reduced to 2 year before you can apply but that doesn't mean much.
From personal experience, I've been living in france for about 8 years now and everytime I have to deal with immigration services it can be a nightmare.
here is one:
after arriving when my visa comme close to an end by a few month I aplied to get a 1 year residency card, I got that card 2 years later just before I got my first diploma.
every 3 months I would have to go to the prefecture at 6/7AM wait outside in the cold only to be told every now and then at 4pm sorry you're not going to pass today try again tommorow. why did I have to go every 3 month? well to give that the exact same papers I gave them the time before, If you didn't have them on you that day because you didn't think you would need to have a copy of the papers you've already given well that too bad for you.
after 1year and a half of this, the person with whom I was having the apointement asked by I was here because apparently they can't find my folder. expect I have in my hand a document from this same prefecture aknowledging that I deposited my document and that I can legally stay for the next 3 months (and copies of the previous ones), of course I had to give them on the stop every document they needed or go back and wait for another apointement where you would have to explai the situation once a gain. this meant that every time I had to go to the prefecture I had a backpack on my back with every document I had on my house that I thought could remotly be relevant, because the official list of require documents is for indicative purposes only and they can ask you for a lot more on case to case basis.
second anecdote,
if you have a foreign driving living from a country with which france has an agreement with. you have exchange it for a french one once you start working withing the limit of 1 year. At the time I had to the only way to do it is by getting an apointement online, expect the website to get the apointement form is closed, it opne for less than 5 min while crashing continully on a sunday at midnight, after trying for I few month I sent emails explaining the situation -> no reponse and went in person to the prefecture only to be told sorry that's not our problem and was given no clue on how to try to fix this. thanks to covid the process for converting driving licenses is now fully online, I aplied when they first announced this beginning of last summer, I'm still waiting for any news positive or negative.
The rent in those region from what I've heard from colleagues (I work as a SWE in Paris) is trough the roof. you also have to pay taxes in both countries, but compensation wise you'll still end up with a significantly better deal even taking into account things like cost of living.
The commute is not better for me or my colleagues in the Paris region.
there's no guaranty made in place that a cent of that money will go to the child. I've heard of plenty cases where children in these situations don't get to benefit from it.