>the only states that refused to recognize the Eastern Roman Empire as the Roman Empire were the states that were descended from the German invaders and that was because they wanted to claim the Roman mantle for themselves.
Ironically these guys called themselves Holy Roman Empire, it's neither Holy, nor Roman nor an Empire. They're hallucinating hundred of years before AI/LLM.
> All of Islam called the East Romans, Rum
Fun fact there's entire Chapter on Rome in the Quran namely Surah Ar-Rum [1]. In the New Testament Bible there's a section or book called Epistle to the Romans, or the letter of Paul to Roman originally written in Koine Greek [2]. But there's letter of Paul not the word of God or Jesus hence called espistle.
There's also an authentic direct letter from the Prophet Muhammad to the Roman Emperor at the time of Hercules inviting him and his subjects to Islam [3]. Please note that Muhammad cannot read or write hence the letter was written for him as dictated by him [4].
One of my ever favorite AI prompt keywords is ELI5 (Explain Like I'm 5). Last month I asked Gemini Pro to provide me ELI5 explanation on the waveform mechanism of a novel wireless system that I've been working on. To my surprise it described the principle succintly and intuitively as described to me by the original inventor of the wireless system a few years back. I was literally speechless for a minute or two.
The fact that Newton did not cite Alhazen or Al-Haytham in his seminal and infamous optic books in English tell you what you need to know regarding the treatment by the western scholars of the muslims scholars [1],[2].
IMHO, this critical omission caused most of the modern physics and optical books and textbooks did not include Alhazen or Al-Haytham eventhough he literally contributed to modern optics more than Newton himself and lately considered the to be the father of modern science. Most probably the word camera (from the Arabic word kamar meaning room) was derived from his experimental work on optic.
For perspective, I was educated in my high school in England, and in my Physics class no muslim scholars name ever mentioned in my many textbooks and in classes. The same goes to my chemistry and math classes. Guess how many times Newton was mentioned in my physics classes and textbooks? To be honest I lost my count because too many times.
Mind you this little to no credits phenomena happened across the board from math, physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, medicine, etc.
To put the things in perspective, now if you don't cite seminal prior work related to your research your paper or thesis, it will be subjected to re-submission.
Imagine if Einstein did not even mention Newton's contributions in gravity, the English people will be go to war with Germany. OK, they did but that's for totally different reasons.
[1] Did Isaac Newton plagiarize his work from Ibn-Al Haytham?
>All Linux kernel CXL driver code in use for Vistara is either present in the upstream kernel, or is on its way to being included in the upstream kernel
Stealing ideas, intellectual property (IP), etc are happening throughout the age of the human civilization, that does not prevent us as human moving forward.
That's why there's little to no credit given to Muslim scholars (Arabic, Persian, Moorish Spain, etc) by the western scholars, by conveniently dismissing the Muslim golden era as "Dark Ages" but at the same time stealing the knowledge (idea, equations design, tools, etc) for most of the prior inventions by the Muslim scholars, for example the telescope.
Even worse not only the knowledge (ideas, design, equations, tools, etc) in science, engineering and technology were blatantly copied and stolen, no credit is properly given to these Muslim scholars contributions by saying that the Muslim scholars at best were just merely translating the Greek scholars works and ideas [1]. I suspect that Newton also blatantly copied the many great works by al-Haitham (Alhazen) but not giving him proper credits [2].
If you want to be happy for an hour, take a nap. If you want to be happy for a day, go fishing. If you want to be happy for a year, inherit a fortune. If you want to be happy for a lifetime, help someone else
>Mojo aims to combine the usability of a high-level programming language, specifically Python, with the performance of a system programming language such as C++, Rust, and Zig
Providing usability without GC is an oxymoron.
The best attempt so far for Pythonic compiled language is D, that's probably why it's not mentioned in the Wikipedia entry along side other languages comparison. D has GC by default but manual memory management is supported as well.
Probably compiler researchers need to come with truly determinstic GC like the automotive industry invented the automatic gear. So that other existing compiled programming languages with GC like Go and D can thrive.
I'm glad you mentioned DBOS. I personally think DB based OS or more accurately data-centric OS is the way to go to simplify all the distributed applications (I'm looking at you Kafka!).
In addition to DBOS please check the original data-centric OS proposed by the MIT team based on D4M technology. This new architecture data-centric OS similar to TabulaROSA in concept where data is managed and governed by mathematical relationship in this case associative array based D4M [1],[2].
This concept can be implemented initially on Linux without introducing a totally new OS unless you wanted to (read: VC money to burn), but it's not necessary like DBOS. This is possible now because starting kernel 7.0 Linux support generic non-conventional kernel bypass for memory, storage and compute with io_uring, eBPF and BPF Arena for examples [3].
Another Bronze Age civilization with sophisticated commerce system is Indus Valley Civilisation [1],[2],[3].
The wikipedia entry somehow is outdated [4]. Perhaps some of the new findings are too controversial for the editors, meanwhile reseacher receiving death threat [5].
[1] The Indus Script and Economics. A Role for Indus Seals and Tablets in Rationing and Administration of Labor:
Allegedly, in UAE where students cheating is rampant, universities are employing airport level electronics scanning system for entry to the examination halls.
>True, but the capabilities and knowledge of that model are also frozen in time, so the value of that model declines over time.
Correction: The capabilities and knowledge of that model can be improved via self-distillation, so the value of that model increases over time.
This is where I think self-distillation is the main way forward, and probably the second best thing ever happened to AI/LLM after the transformer.
Based on self-distillation, the value of the open weights models will incease over time for sub-specialization through post-training and fine-tuning.
Please check these very promising recent works and results from MIT/ETH, UCLA and Apple [1],[2,[3]. For example the MIT/ETH self-distillation approach was demonstrated by a single H200 GPU. Apple approach is even simpler that it's simply called Simple Self-Distillation (SSD), pun intended.
Did you even watch the video before replying, that's a high quality TED talk instead of the lesser TEDx, presented by a reknowned and reputable professor in the field?
Do you know that interview, podcast, lecture, etc, with an expert reserchers in the field is a valid research evidents and citations?
Here are some of the Rajesh Rao publications on the topic if you even bother to check [1],[2],[3].
Apparently it's just a few minutes to find his papers but you seems to not interested in finding the truth. If you don't believe the results at least respect the scholarly efforts involved. Or find a refute to the facts presented or better yet do your own research to refute them. Failure to do any of the above is just a strawman with in denial attitude.
1) Entropic Evidence for Linguistic Structure in the Indus Script [pdf]:
>"...it's has been proven to be a valid linguistic script..." No, it has NOT been proven to be a writing system for a language. Indeed the very link you cite [1] says:
Actually I was reffering to a 2011 TED Talk on Youtube by a researcher in this field namely Rajesh Rao a computational neuroscientist, entitled "Computing a Rosetta Stone for the Indus script." It's based on the comparison of the statistical distribution and entropy to other well-known languages such as English, Sumerian, and Old Tamil, as well as non-linguistic systems such as DNA sequences, Fortran programming code, and completely random sequences [1].
The researcher personally received a death threat due to this discovery. Why is the discovery or the hypothesis (depending on your perspective) is very controversial, is telling something. My conjecture is that the Dravidian speaking people is displaced further south to the Indian subcontinent by the "newcomers" (Aryan speaking people), similar to how the Wales/Welsh speaking people was driven further eastword in the British Island by the "newcomers" (English speaking people).
[1] Rajesh Rao: Computing a Rosetta Stone for the Indus script [video]:
Ironically these guys called themselves Holy Roman Empire, it's neither Holy, nor Roman nor an Empire. They're hallucinating hundred of years before AI/LLM.
> All of Islam called the East Romans, Rum
Fun fact there's entire Chapter on Rome in the Quran namely Surah Ar-Rum [1]. In the New Testament Bible there's a section or book called Epistle to the Romans, or the letter of Paul to Roman originally written in Koine Greek [2]. But there's letter of Paul not the word of God or Jesus hence called espistle.
There's also an authentic direct letter from the Prophet Muhammad to the Roman Emperor at the time of Hercules inviting him and his subjects to Islam [3]. Please note that Muhammad cannot read or write hence the letter was written for him as dictated by him [4].
[1] Ar-Rum:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar-Rum
[2] Epistle to the Romans:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans
[3] The Holy Prophet’s letter to Heraclius:
https://www.alhakam.org/holy-prophets-letter-to-heraclius
[4] Diplomatic career of Muhammad:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomatic_career_of_Muhammad