Most C++ developers won't easily develop systems in Rust because of lack of well-known libraries and a stable ecosystem(profilers, static analyzers, concurrency tools, many skilled and mediocre developers, etc). C++11 and subsequent versions have a good amount of memory safety(though not as safe as Rust).
Rust is a modern language with very good concepts and features. It's quite complicated to learn.
My answer is it will be a good language, but won't be a top language.
It's really great. Even if I know Qt and C++, I spent some time in ElectronJS. ElectronJS <<<<<<<<<<<< Qt + WebKit.
This javascript is a weird language and killed a lot of time by simply providing many choices, some of which are horrible, but widely used.
The only questions an interviewer can ask is how to build a graph and do graph operation(to test data structure skill). Graph Theory is too specific and many programmers never use any graph algorithms in their life.
You can always ask these questions to reject a candidate because you don't like his body odor.
I don't know if similar things existed for C++11/14. But, it doesn't exist for C++17.
I faced the similar problem. I invested some money in Effective Modern C++(Scott Mayer). It covers the language part. I borrowed a book for C++11 concurrency. But, modern C++ lacks high-quality material at one place like Golang/Rust(the language guys have very good documentation, not boring and good enough to learn quickly). There are tons of scattered example.
I know many people who studied life science subjects like Chemistry or Physics and got jobs in top cs companies. Most of them were self taught(physics dudes use some level of programming )
To be a programmer, you need to have a solid problem-solving skill. Pick up a language(invest money in books in any one programming language, DS and Algo, OOPS) and invest time in websites like hackerrank.
You can easily build anything on the above skills. No matter how well you studied basic database and os stuffs, you will always need a google search before using in real life.
There are many languages for backends and tons of libraries. But there is hardly any substitute of Java in Android(if you don't consider JS solving every problem in this planet). If JetBrains only concentrate on building an ecosystem for android, it can become "the real Swift for android".
I built a dummy app for android in Kotlin. It was great. The same thing I tried in Scala(it didn't go very well).
People write more concrete tutorials and publish online. Abstract literature is for researchers and Concrete literature is for people who need a quick solution.
Rust is better than C++, but most people work in legacy applications. And C++ ecosystem has a lot more stable libraries, frameworks and very active community.