Everyone who has ordered since November 22nd is offered a refund. The details are on the website and will come in the email. Have some faith, dude. Of course they have to do that.
Yes, for the mendelian ones that can be inferred in a relatively straightforward way from the raw data. Not really, for the more complicated risk assessments.
You can run the raw data through a 3rd party tool like Promethease (http://snpedia.com/index.php/Promethease) while you wait for the FDA kerfuffle to work itself out. YMMV though.
It's a chicken and egg problem. The more people like you purchase the service, the less European it will become. It has made huge strides in the last couple of years, but there is a way to go still.
It's a mistake to infer that this means "regular" 23andMe results are similarly affected. The exome project was clearly labeled as a research one and the data was returned with no guarantees whatsoever. The "regular" 23andMe SNPs go through a multitude of comprehensive checks before they are used in reports. Not to say that occasional issues don't crop up, but it's apples and oranges.
Edit: I was the first engineer at 23andMe, so I have a decent idea about what's involved in the analysis and quality control.
You can. Insurance spreads risk across population pools. You have to carve out those pools somehow, so you use broad variables like age and gender. The problem is genetic information has potential to make the pools too small.
It's OK. Nobody gets your genome. It would be suicidal for them to share, plus there are laws on the books (GINA at the federal level, a stronger law recently passed in CA).
Also, quite a few people have been posting their data openly, for example here: http://opensnp.org/ . So far I am not aware of any adverse effects. Not saying there won't be any ever, but I would be a lot more paranoid about my browser history.