I graduated 2 years ago from University of Memphis, and I don't know if it's still the case, but at the time they were offering free master's programs in bioinformatics for CS graduates.
I think the research is in regarding consciousness, self, free will, and identity being illusions created by the mind, but I doubt heavily the terminology will ever fall out of the vernacular because it's integral in our expression and sharing the conscious experience. Even though we know there is no agent in the brain making decisions we won't stop saying, what did YOU DECIDE? or I CHOOSE...blah blah blah. Actually breaking down all the processes in the brain and forming a scientific theory of consciousness as a merger of neuroscience and philosophy of mind could take a long time, perhaps not even in our lifetime. There are all sorts of crazy theories out there about self-organizing maps, and critical size structures, but none of it is really falsifiable at this point. Bacteria I feel I can safely say are not conscious, whatever consciousness is, it appears to require a brain(or computer if you will) of certain attributes to posses it. I think that much is clear. If you look at the behavior of lower organisms, bugs, lizards, things with basic brains and nervous systems, all the behavior is reaction, there is no plan. Higher order brains have the ability to formulate some picture of the future, this helps a lot with survival, if you can envision what is about to happen based on past experience instead of preprogrammed reaction, it increases your fitness. Same as identity can tie you to tribal grouping; having identity, sense of self, working as a group, increases fitness. Personally, my theory of consciousness (of which i have no professional training or merit or evidence in any way) is that it is simply another adaptation for survival. And judging by fitness of organisms with consciousness it seems to be hit and miss. In many parts of the brain we can see pre-existing structures giving rise to algorithms of unconscious behavior controlling all manner of bodily functions. It is my view that the phenomenon of consciousness is like a self-rewriting algorithm to improve our behavior for fitness, basically giving us the ability to learn and reflect. Experiments show that even the behavior we perceive as consciously made is actually triggered milliseconds before we become consciously aware of it. This is where the whole consciousness/free will is an illusion idea comes from. However, subjectively, we know something is going on. As soon as you become consciously aware of your actions you can start analyzing, well what was the outcome?, how does this compare to past attempts? I think that when we are thinking, when we are conscious, as consciousness accesses various parts of the brain it does some rewriting, this is basically learning at the lowest level, making adjustments to improve the outcome. Consciousness, whatever it is, is not the dominant player though, just by flooding the brain with various neurotransmitters behavior completely changes. Often we engage in behavior we don't even consciously desire, where you are left wondering "why did I just do that?" or planning "I am definitely going to work out today, thats the best decision to stay healthy" but then the time comes and you don't. So as an adaptation, in order to store, analyze, and compare memories, review current environment conditions through awareness, and plan for the future you gotta have consciousness, or least, that appears to be the correlation from what we've seen so far.
If you take models of computation you will learn anything that can do computation is a computer. A bag of rocks is a computer, you can add and remove rocks to perform computation.
This is why people not trained in CS shouldn't speculate on it, when they do you get garbage like this.
The brain performs computation, it is by definition a computer. Before modern computers there was a human job, called, computer. One who performs computations. The analogy of the brain to a computer is perfect, because the brain is a computer.