The issue was being investigated by the OCaml community since
2017-01-06, with reports of malfunctions going at least as far back as
Q2 2016. It was narrowed down to Skylake with hyper-threading, which is
a strong indicative of a processor defect. Intel was contacted about
it, but did not provide further feedback as far as we know.
Fast-forward a few months, and Mark Shinwell noticed the mention of a
possible fix for a microcode defect with unknown hit-ratio in the
intel-microcode package changelog. He matched it to the issues the
OCaml community were observing, verified that the microcode fix indeed
solved the OCaml issue, and contacted the Debian maintainer about it.
Apparently, Intel had indeed found the issue, *documented it* (see
below) and *fixed it*. There was no direct feedback to the OCaml
people, so they only found about it later.