Sampling does not lose information below the Nyquist limit, but quantization does introduce errors that can't be fixed. And resampling at a different rate might introduce extra errors, like when you recompress a JPEG.
That's a very anthropocentric view, and not how the timeline works. Unicellular organisms are also smart in a way computers can't exactly replicate. They hunt, eat, sense their environment, reproduce when convenient, etc. All of these are also intelligent behaviours.