Okta and OneLogin are both private corporations that have each existed for 13 years. Does your threat model include an estimate for how long they will stay in business? What if one of them puts the other out of business? Does your threat model choose a winner in that fight?
As far as paid services the possibility also is there that someday _you_ run out of money and have to stop paying them. They tend to shut down your access when that happens. Another financial threat you have to model.
These things don't happen when you use public key authentication.
> If the scope of your ambition is to push the envelope in astrophysics, you probably already have enough resources at your disposal
That's pretty ridiculous. It takes a lot of excess financial capacity for a human to even develop such an ambition in the first place.
Even if you have that level of privilege, you have to compete for educational resources and social support against people who may have much more privilege than that.
> Because those that think that money is the only thing standing between them and meaningful achievement... well, no amount of money will change that for them
What? Why couldn't they just be right? You yourself just said:
> Not that long ago the vast majority of scientific progress originated from rich men doing it in their free time
Is a person still not allowed to understand the fact that if they had more money they could accomplish more things?