Penta = five. There's a picture of a ball with five balls in it. It decays to a proton (which as mentioned has three quarks) and another pair of a quark and an anti-quark. I'd say it's there.
That was my experience at first as well, but I think the point (that the page doesn't really get across) is that you should start hammering on the keys rather than methodically choosing your next input each time. I did that and saw my score take a nosedive.
This is my experience as well. When I don't sleep, I feel terrible. If I sleep a long while in the weekend I might have low energy but that feeling of oppressive nausea goes away.
Seems like a false dichotomy to me. This run has a fair amount of exploits, but also a lot of plain "being good at Mario". Compare to the any% run of Pokémon Red/Blue for instance (which uses an exploit to warp to the final screen of the game without any "traditional" gameplay).
To an extent I think that streaming has solved this problem, compared to the days of people just submitting videos that they recorded by themselves. Streamers might fake a single run to get a record, but it would be a huge amount of work to fake all the progression they had to go through to get there.
You may very well declare a war that you don't expect to win if you have even worse expectations for a future war. This was pretty much the situation of Germany in WW1, from my understanding.