The Evolution of Vi and Vim(pikuma.com)
pikuma.com
The Evolution of Vi and Vim
https://pikuma.com/blog/origins-of-vim-text-editor
51 comments
I've Vim for years been using, but if one thing I could change there was, it the verb-noun order would be. The Kakoune[1] editor mostly like Vim behaves, but where Vim `dw` as "word delete" has, Kakoune it backwards has: `wd`. It might Germanic sound, but by first the range placing, Kakoune can a preview of what changed will be give. The more the command longer is, the more the command complicated is, the more this feature shines. It strictly better as far as I know is. A shame my muscle memory, and all default installations, are still with Vim stuck.
English swaps it around as convenient, so do common computer systems - you can verb(data) or data.verb() in the more popular languages and I think it's no coincidence that the popular languages have both or the languages which have both became more popular. If a choice is a toggle, one size nobody very well it fits.
English swaps it around as convenient, so do common computer systems - you can verb(data) or data.verb() in the more popular languages and I think it's no coincidence that the popular languages have both or the languages which have both became more popular. If a choice is a toggle, one size nobody very well it fits.
The issue is not the linguistic aspect of verb-noun, which does match English, but rather the difficulty of composing the range to act on after you've already started typing the verb. With the verb first, you're in a bit of limbo trying to specify the range. It's much nicer to get your range in order, then act on it.
Possible to learn other languages, it is. Spoken by all people in the world, Germanic languages are not.
Yoda you sound like.
It was interesting to me just how much Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) vs Object-Subject-Verb (OVS) along with all the other permutations of the 3 exist around the world.
It was interesting to me just how much Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) vs Object-Subject-Verb (OVS) along with all the other permutations of the 3 exist around the world.
The vim equivalent of that is visual mode, eg `vwd` which is exactly the same structure as you’re saying you want from kakoune.
So vim is verb-noun for simple things, but if you want, you can use visual mode if you’re doing something more complex or just want visual confirmation first.
So vim is verb-noun for simple things, but if you want, you can use visual mode if you’re doing something more complex or just want visual confirmation first.
That's exactly what I do, because I need the visual confirmation and can't really wrap my head around it otherwise.
Sometimes when I don't realize I'm in insert mode, I jump around the document and don't know what just happened. Visual cues in-between would have been nice, so I don't always feel as surprised as I do, lol.
Although I don't know if in that particular fiddly case it would have any benefit.
Sometimes when I don't realize I'm in insert mode, I jump around the document and don't know what just happened. Visual cues in-between would have been nice, so I don't always feel as surprised as I do, lol.
Although I don't know if in that particular fiddly case it would have any benefit.
Not noticing that I'm in insert mode isn't something I can remember struggling with.
There are different solutions for it:
- Obsessively press escape so you're always in normal mode
- Style the statusline so it's very colorful when you're not in normal mode
- Have the cursor be "fat" when in normal mode and "thin" when in insert mode (isn't this the default?)
Even though I've been using Vim for 15 years or so I also enter visual mode for some commands. It's quite useful, but not necessary all the time (like di" for instance).
There are different solutions for it:
- Obsessively press escape so you're always in normal mode
- Style the statusline so it's very colorful when you're not in normal mode
- Have the cursor be "fat" when in normal mode and "thin" when in insert mode (isn't this the default?)
Even though I've been using Vim for 15 years or so I also enter visual mode for some commands. It's quite useful, but not necessary all the time (like di" for instance).
If you have a reasonably long `updatetime`, you could try something like `autocommand CursorHoldI * stopinsert`.
On both vim and nvim, updatetime is 4 seconds, so if you have 4 seconds of inactivity that autocommand will automatically put you back into normal mode.
On both vim and nvim, updatetime is 4 seconds, so if you have 4 seconds of inactivity that autocommand will automatically put you back into normal mode.
Not an equivalent, visual mode extends selection on move, so you can't stay in perma visual mode like you can in the Helix/Kakoune world where extending selection is different
As a vim user for many years, probably influenced by reading about kakoune, I had gotten in the habit of prefixing all my actions with v to start in the visual mode, somewhat like the kakoune-way, previewing my selections before I use them.
However, recently I've repented my errors. Having discovered that insert mode <M-Key> functions as normal mode <Key> and moving away from the visual mode whenever possible, I realised that despite the touted simplicity of the selection-action model, there is much cognitive benefit to the vim-way, in making keys function as one bigger conceptual step, combining the motion and the verb into one inseparable unit.
Compared to using visual mode, I no longer wait to look at previews then continue, but simply keep typing away, one command after next, trusting that my machine will follow, it catching up the 'buffer' of my commands at its pace. This truly helps me feel much more connected with my work at hand, 'feeling' my text, not going back to seek at what I expect already, and forgetting about the details. Getting used to performing actions in just one step, albeit a bigger one, allows me to think more effectively about how I edit my text. Conversely, to allow only the expression of 'simple' text concepts does not reduce my cognitive burden, as I would need to, and be thinking of, how to use 'simple' text motions/selections to emulate more complex ones anyway.
On another note, I've finally found myself embracing vim's window management, terminal, buffer management... I'm in awe of the way that vim has gently paved for me, all along. Beyond minimalism, as a shell/terminal multiplexer, vim is great.
However, recently I've repented my errors. Having discovered that insert mode <M-Key> functions as normal mode <Key> and moving away from the visual mode whenever possible, I realised that despite the touted simplicity of the selection-action model, there is much cognitive benefit to the vim-way, in making keys function as one bigger conceptual step, combining the motion and the verb into one inseparable unit.
Compared to using visual mode, I no longer wait to look at previews then continue, but simply keep typing away, one command after next, trusting that my machine will follow, it catching up the 'buffer' of my commands at its pace. This truly helps me feel much more connected with my work at hand, 'feeling' my text, not going back to seek at what I expect already, and forgetting about the details. Getting used to performing actions in just one step, albeit a bigger one, allows me to think more effectively about how I edit my text. Conversely, to allow only the expression of 'simple' text concepts does not reduce my cognitive burden, as I would need to, and be thinking of, how to use 'simple' text motions/selections to emulate more complex ones anyway.
On another note, I've finally found myself embracing vim's window management, terminal, buffer management... I'm in awe of the way that vim has gently paved for me, all along. Beyond minimalism, as a shell/terminal multiplexer, vim is great.
I've been test driving the Helix editor (mostly because of its out-of-the-box support for a wide range of LSP servers), and it adopts the kakoune style of keybindings. Like you, my muscle memory is very strongly in the Vim camp, and is hard to change :)
https://github.com/helix-editor/helix
https://github.com/helix-editor/helix
Here's a rebuttal, why kakoune's model might not be better than vim: https://github.com/noctuid/dotfiles/blob/master/emacs/editin...
You can't rebut the need for such a fundamental UI design feature like immediate feedback by saying you don't need immediate feedback
Yes you can; if you don’t need immediate feedback then immediate feedback isn’t a fundamental UI design feature. You can’t dismiss the rebuttal just by stating that it’s “fundamental” as an axiom to someone who thinks it isn’t.
Of course I can dismiss it, pretty easily: I do need that feature, and yes it's fundamental to any UI in computers or real life, and if he doesn't - I don't mind and don't really care since I'm not talking about HIS needs (or yours personally), I'm discussing his dismissal of MINE (and that of kakoune's devs and whoever else values such feedback) and your characterization of that dismissal as some kind of rebuttal
(also statements like these
> Deleting the current word, sentence, or parentheses block does not involve uncertainty
are obviously false, of course it does, there are different types of w/Words (and different separators, and those separators could also be conext-dependent), many nested blocks you might not be immediately aware of borders of, and also with sentences you might not know exactly where a period is, etc., so there is uncertainty in every such case, so again he's just saying there is no need when there is clearly one
And that uncertainty only grows with muliple selections
(also statements like these
> Deleting the current word, sentence, or parentheses block does not involve uncertainty
are obviously false, of course it does, there are different types of w/Words (and different separators, and those separators could also be conext-dependent), many nested blocks you might not be immediately aware of borders of, and also with sentences you might not know exactly where a period is, etc., so there is uncertainty in every such case, so again he's just saying there is no need when there is clearly one
And that uncertainty only grows with muliple selections
My muscle memory can adapt. In terms of day-to-day use, I found it nearly impossible to deal with the behavior of the key combination "xd". "x" is "select-line" and "d" is "delete". So this should delete the current line.
But if you're on a blank line, it will delete the next line, not the current line.
If you can figure out why this is, then you are close to understanding how kakoune manages the concept of "line" and "cursor" and "selection", but for me this is an abstraction gap too far. I can't make the conceptual leap. And once you understand the line/cursor/selection model, you see that this is unfixable.
Oh well, maybe Helix is the way.
But if you're on a blank line, it will delete the next line, not the current line.
If you can figure out why this is, then you are close to understanding how kakoune manages the concept of "line" and "cursor" and "selection", but for me this is an abstraction gap too far. I can't make the conceptual leap. And once you understand the line/cursor/selection model, you see that this is unfixable.
Oh well, maybe Helix is the way.
If someone wrote a way to transplant strict Kakoune keybindings into Neovim, I'd change in a heartbeat. Unfortunately I'm too immersed in the plugin system as it is.
prospective vim-learners should note that kakoune style is a dead end
as noted nearby, vim's visual mode provides a similar interface as standard
as noted nearby, vim's visual mode provides a similar interface as standard
One major drawback of that model is that it makes textobjects harder to use and are often relegated to more obscure commands.
It's interesting that the increase in Vim commits is concurrent with the fist release of NeoVim. They've certainly both been good for each other and I'm hoping this won't change with Bram's passing.
Forking is usually good for the community around a piece of software but I struggle to find who made this argument originally
I think it is only good when the software has slowed down development. Otherwise it just needlessly splits the community.
Specifically in the case of vim, Bram took decisions that forced the community to choose one or the other. Like the implementation of async and the choice of a second extension language.
Vim was mostly a one man show. I doubt it will be meaningully developed apart from bugfixes and such.
> Vim was mostly a one man show.
No, it wasn't, and hasn't been since the 90s (most of the gvim code was written by others back in the day, to give an example of a large body of code not written by Bram). There have been many people contributing, and some of them for years.
Yes, Bram was the BFDL and the only one committing patches, but don't confuse that with "one man show".
No, it wasn't, and hasn't been since the 90s (most of the gvim code was written by others back in the day, to give an example of a large body of code not written by Bram). There have been many people contributing, and some of them for years.
Yes, Bram was the BFDL and the only one committing patches, but don't confuse that with "one man show".
There were of courses patches by other people, but most big features were driven by him. Do you have some example of a big feature more recent than 20 years old gvim?
Most of the multibyte from the last few years for example.
Bram didn't really record these things very well until quite recently (and even then, rather inconsistently) by just listing the author in the commit message rather than the git author field, so there's no easy way to check.
Bram didn't really record these things very well until quite recently (and even then, rather inconsistently) by just listing the author in the commit message rather than the git author field, so there's no easy way to check.
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Great article, thanks for sharing.
I love Vim, and although my usage is totally vanilla these days, I use Vim plugin for VSCode which is awesome (lack of :norm is the only downside I've found).
Vimium for Firefox is also a must-have https://addons.mozilla.org/en-CA/firefox/addon/vimium-ff/
I love Vim, and although my usage is totally vanilla these days, I use Vim plugin for VSCode which is awesome (lack of :norm is the only downside I've found).
Vimium for Firefox is also a must-have https://addons.mozilla.org/en-CA/firefox/addon/vimium-ff/
Although it will never be as popular as Vim, I will always see Kakoune as the evolution of Vim. It improves on so much and adds very well thought out functionality. Object-verb works very well when you adjust, and structural regular expressions make a lot of operations much less painful.
Built-in multi cursors and autocomplete without fiddling with plugins is wonderful, and the in-editor discoverability and documentation is great.
It retains Vim's spirit of minimalism but cuts out a ton of cruft without constraining itself to any kind of backwards compatibility.
I use Kakoune as my $EDITOR and VS Code with Dance for software development. I think Dance does a great job of leveraging Kakoune and VS Code's strengths. I wish there was an equivalent for Intellij as well.
https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=gregoire...
Built-in multi cursors and autocomplete without fiddling with plugins is wonderful, and the in-editor discoverability and documentation is great.
It retains Vim's spirit of minimalism but cuts out a ton of cruft without constraining itself to any kind of backwards compatibility.
I use Kakoune as my $EDITOR and VS Code with Dance for software development. I think Dance does a great job of leveraging Kakoune and VS Code's strengths. I wish there was an equivalent for Intellij as well.
https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=gregoire...
> most users found frustrating having to work with ed.
True, until you need it. And you'll usually pull out ed when any other editor fails :D One example is an extremely slow ssh connection. For those who can recall, when SourceForge allowed ssh access, running vi/vim was a PITA if you wanted to edit something. But not with ed.
The second example of where ed is unmatched is scripting - it has the same "interface" for interactive editing and scripting (it uses the same commands and command sequence). Someone also mentioned (can't find source of the quote) that the same trick is helpful when you write a book because you can easily print ed command sequence readers can repeat and follow your examples, which isn't the case with any other visual editor. You can write unit tests to validate those things in case you want to ensure your book examples actually work.
True, until you need it. And you'll usually pull out ed when any other editor fails :D One example is an extremely slow ssh connection. For those who can recall, when SourceForge allowed ssh access, running vi/vim was a PITA if you wanted to edit something. But not with ed.
The second example of where ed is unmatched is scripting - it has the same "interface" for interactive editing and scripting (it uses the same commands and command sequence). Someone also mentioned (can't find source of the quote) that the same trick is helpful when you write a book because you can easily print ed command sequence readers can repeat and follow your examples, which isn't the case with any other visual editor. You can write unit tests to validate those things in case you want to ensure your book examples actually work.
As a footnote to history, Manx Aztec C shipped with a complete set of Unix-like tools for non-Unix systems. This included a partial VI clone of their own. So users of Aztec C for MS-DOS, Mac, Amiga, Atari-ST etc all got VI clones as part of the deal.
I have been a VI user my whole life as a result (I worked for Manx in the late 80's, and their flavor of VI was my first real taste of text editing).
I have been a VI user my whole life as a result (I worked for Manx in the late 80's, and their flavor of VI was my first real taste of text editing).
For people who do not have vim installed, you can try it in https://www.exaequOS.com, an OS running in a web browser (that I am creating)
There is ed as well
Good historical overview of vim and its origin. I remember using vi for the first time at my university because emacs would slow down to a crawl on our unix clone system especially just before our computer science homework was due, and I was forced to switch from Emacs to vi. During that time, Amiga was my home computer, but I don't remember seeing it on Amiga. Most of my time was spent at school on a Wyse VT-220 clone terminal. Since then, I've tried Elvis, nvi, and few other clones until settling with vim much later in life when Ruby on Rails came onto scene.
The naming tradition interests me. Some of the name changes are incremental: ed, then em, then en, then ex. Others seem like a dramatic break: e* to vi. I'm getting the sense that it was a more common tradition than I realized. Of course the classic example is C to C++, which is just so dang satisfying. Are there other interesting examples of incremental name changes and more fundamental shifts (e* to vi)?
In unix the names of things are just based on what stuck and what was used. My favorite example of name evolution is the jump from `more` to `less` (because less is more...)
:vi is the ex command to switch to visual mode.
Relatedly, for all those that ever wondered why all the commands in vim that start with : are called "ex commands" in the documentation, it's that weird stack of ex was always inside vi and vice versa, vi was always inside of ex.
I'm privileged enough to have worked with one of the people mentioned in the article - Tim Thompson, the author of Stevie.
More recently Tim Thompson has been creating interactive art installations. I got to work with him at some installation shows in the bay area https://timthompson.com
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Probably worth noting is that elvis is the origin of nvi (New vi) which is the default on the BSDs
Author here. Thanks for sharing!
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What a great article!
It might sound minor, but by placing the range first, Kakoune can give a preview of what will be changed. The longer or more complicated the command, the more this feature shines.
Strictly better as far as I know. A shame my muscle memory, and all default installations, are still stuck with Vim.
[1] https://kakoune.org/