Ask HN: Stories of Platforms Getting Dethroned?
Very difficult to pull off but I'd love to hear stories. Thanks
5 comments
I think recently there was here an article about a phenomenon called after a Roman defeat by Hannibal, which described how companies lost there competitive advantages by being overly confident in there successful business. There were example with Kodak loosing to upcoming video technology, or DEC loosing market by personal computer getting more & more popular. Even after searching for a while I kind find that article. It would fit here because it has could examples.
Would encourage not thinking of it as dethroning or winner take all. There are new niches and subpopulations developing all the time. Tiktok developed a new niche from Youtube but Youtube still growing. Bluesky taking share from Twitter but Twitter still very large. AI will help more disruption occur from smaller higher leverage teams.
Was common in the 90s and 2000s. OS/2, Sun, RealPlayer, IE, ActiveX, Java applets, Netscape, Yahoo, Lycos, Altavista, Blackberry, Nokia, PalmPilot, Angular, AIM, ICQ, MySpace, MS Office, Skype, the desktop operating system in general, .Net, IRC..
And these days, Zoom seems to have given way to Teams and Meet. Slack lost to Discord. Facebook to Insta (though Meta just bought them), YouTube to TikTok, etc.
And these days, Zoom seems to have given way to Teams and Meet. Slack lost to Discord. Facebook to Insta (though Meta just bought them), YouTube to TikTok, etc.
(1) Comms apps are an interesting case. They usually run the "benign neglect" form of enshittification in that once the platform has traction they stop investing in improvements and maintenance. At first, smooth onboarding is a competitive advantage but when you have to use it for school or work or public participation it isn't.
What they have in common is that they do not interoperate except for XMPP systems which are popular with soldiers and cops. If they did we might have head-to-head competition between clients but instead we have competition between communication networks, and...
There is a certain amount of fragmentation in that they target different markets; I have been on winning teams with Discord but I wouldn't tell people at work to switch from Slack to Discord. Slack Huddles work pretty well but many people use Slack all day and never join a huddle, instead they just use Zoom. Your organization might have an all-access pass to Teams but central IT tells you they'd rather you didn't use it, etc.
Because there are these niches and the because mature platforms decay, there will always be ferment in comms apps.
(2) I think innovation in OS is almost impossible now. One could imagine an OS that eliminates a lot of "bloat" by changing the relationship between the OS and applications, but then you would have to build an entirely new userspace, but if you look like POSIX you can get the GNU tools and so much more.
(3) I would also point to the Innovator's Dilemma by Clayton Christensen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Innovator%27s_Dilemma
as something that execs had heard of by 2007, so when it looked like laptops could be disrupted by tablets, Microsoft disrupted itself with Windows 8. Zuckerberg saw what happened to MySpace and vowed it wasn't going to happen to him. Nobody wants to be the next Kodak...
(4) And film photography is an example of a dethroned platform where a few regional monopolies (Kodak, Fuji, AGFA, ...) made a product that worked with cameras and lenses and stuff. You might still see Bluetooth speakers with the Polaroid brand at Big Lots but many old photo giants are gone. Photography at large is doing better than ever, and some of the old companies like Canon and Nikon went digital. The thing is, Kodak had a working digital camera as early as anyone and introduced all sort of innovation such as the digital Photo CD
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_CD
but it didn't do them any good.
What they have in common is that they do not interoperate except for XMPP systems which are popular with soldiers and cops. If they did we might have head-to-head competition between clients but instead we have competition between communication networks, and...
There is a certain amount of fragmentation in that they target different markets; I have been on winning teams with Discord but I wouldn't tell people at work to switch from Slack to Discord. Slack Huddles work pretty well but many people use Slack all day and never join a huddle, instead they just use Zoom. Your organization might have an all-access pass to Teams but central IT tells you they'd rather you didn't use it, etc.
Because there are these niches and the because mature platforms decay, there will always be ferment in comms apps.
(2) I think innovation in OS is almost impossible now. One could imagine an OS that eliminates a lot of "bloat" by changing the relationship between the OS and applications, but then you would have to build an entirely new userspace, but if you look like POSIX you can get the GNU tools and so much more.
(3) I would also point to the Innovator's Dilemma by Clayton Christensen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Innovator%27s_Dilemma
as something that execs had heard of by 2007, so when it looked like laptops could be disrupted by tablets, Microsoft disrupted itself with Windows 8. Zuckerberg saw what happened to MySpace and vowed it wasn't going to happen to him. Nobody wants to be the next Kodak...
(4) And film photography is an example of a dethroned platform where a few regional monopolies (Kodak, Fuji, AGFA, ...) made a product that worked with cameras and lenses and stuff. You might still see Bluetooth speakers with the Polaroid brand at Big Lots but many old photo giants are gone. Photography at large is doing better than ever, and some of the old companies like Canon and Nikon went digital. The thing is, Kodak had a working digital camera as early as anyone and introduced all sort of innovation such as the digital Photo CD
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_CD
but it didn't do them any good.
Siegel CRM -> Salesforce
CP/M -> DOS
Yahoo -> Google
MySpace -> Facebook
Commercial UNIX -> Linux
CP/M -> DOS
Yahoo -> Google
MySpace -> Facebook
Commercial UNIX -> Linux