Groq investor sounds alarm on data centers(axios.com)
axios.com
Groq investor sounds alarm on data centers
https://www.axios.com/2025/12/29/groq-alex-davis-data-center-concerns
74 comments
This data center boom is so reminiscent of the .com period. Suddenly everybody with two computers next to each other had a data center (usually in a closet somewhere, if you were lucky it was locked).
I was working at a startup that was being acquired and as part of due diligence they sent someone to do a "walk through" of our "data center," which was tricky because it was in fact a small coat closet with 2 beige tower PCs stacked up in it.
The future of the economy is everyone owning 4 data centers
I actually wish I could round up every computer in my home, stick them in a 19-inch rack, and put that rack someplace where I can't hear it. That would be my "data center". It will be fed with a fat power cable and a nice fiber uplink, and it might even run some "AI" from time to time.
What about a single beefcake server that runs dumb terminals throughout your house with a lightweight shim between each device and server. Sexy monitors just sitting there quiet AF. Mega room for coffee cups and niknaks across the desk. Ports for days. This is my dream. I'd keep it by my feet so I could pet it and say good job.
Do this before you reach your 40s, because ageism will put a damper on your disposable income.
I once had plans like this...
I once had plans like this...
That would work if every family member were okay with dumb terminals. Unfortunately, some of them require dedicated GPUs.
Routing thick black DP cables and bright blue USB throughout the house feels a lot less natural than just installing ethernet ports in each room. :(
Routing thick black DP cables and bright blue USB throughout the house feels a lot less natural than just installing ethernet ports in each room. :(
I run my workstation PC with a dedicated GPU in a rack in the shed. I use Sunshine on the workstation and Moonlight on the client to access it. I can game like that, use blender for modelling, anything that needs more juice than my old laptop. It feels local. Even over WiFi I quite often forget I am on a remote machine. Moonlight runs on pretty much anything and everything too.
2026 is going to be about going all in on automating software development. This is where the money is currently at as software developers need compute and what could justify all the data centers being built. It is much harder to convert students with limited money or people who don't care about accuracy or the highest end models as much in a lot of other fields. The thing most people even got excited about by the end of this year is obviously Claude Code. If they can solve software development the bubble may take longer than expected to burst.
> We will stay largely under the radar
He says this and then publishes the letter on LinkedIn? What's the play?
He says this and then publishes the letter on LinkedIn? What's the play?
> I am also deeply concerned about the “speculative” data center market. The “build it and they will come”strategy is a trap. If you are a hyperscaler, you will own your own data centers.
Is this actually true? I thought that hyperscalers keep datacenters at arm's length, using subsidiaries and outsourcing a lot of things.
Is this actually true? I thought that hyperscalers keep datacenters at arm's length, using subsidiaries and outsourcing a lot of things.
Hyperscalers use various subsidiaries and shell companies to dodge taxes and keep the debt off their balance sheets so they can keep their AAA ratings, but ultimately the resulting datacenters are still entirely owned and operated in-house. Hyperscales do not and will not use any of these “DC as a service” startups, meaning those startups have to find customers elsewhere; the big question mark is whether enough of those customers exist.
> Data centers are becoming political flashpoints, primarily because of their impact on electricity prices.
I'd bet anything that they know people are pissed the market has wildly misallocated capital and are trying to save face by framing it as a cost that directly impacts consumers. In reality, the fear is knowing that our investor class is really too dumb to handle the money we've stuck in a box called "the world's retirement funds" and handed to them.
I'd bet anything that they know people are pissed the market has wildly misallocated capital and are trying to save face by framing it as a cost that directly impacts consumers. In reality, the fear is knowing that our investor class is really too dumb to handle the money we've stuck in a box called "the world's retirement funds" and handed to them.
Hmmm, I don't think this is the average perception of it, though. In general people I've discussed this with are more enraged by the resource usage (whether from a price increase or environmental position) than the capital.
"our investor class is really too dumb to handle the money we've stuck in a box called "the world's retirement funds" and handed to them."
all it took was a chatbot that says "you're a genius"
all it took was a chatbot that says "you're a genius"
Many of the crazy things we see happening today come from the same root problem: the wealth of humanity has increasingly been funneled into the hands of a few. These may be mostly companies rather than individuals, but they are a proxy for a relatively small few people.
This glut of finances leaves those few with a problem: what to do with it? And since accumulation of wealth is the ultimate goal, FOMO encourages increasingly foolish decisions (or at least unsustainable ones).
The housing crisis is one of the outcomes. This AI bubble is another. I'm sure if we look around, we can find other examples.
If resources were more evenly distributed, we would see different regions and peoples doing more varied things which would be appropriate for their needs.
This glut of finances leaves those few with a problem: what to do with it? And since accumulation of wealth is the ultimate goal, FOMO encourages increasingly foolish decisions (or at least unsustainable ones).
The housing crisis is one of the outcomes. This AI bubble is another. I'm sure if we look around, we can find other examples.
If resources were more evenly distributed, we would see different regions and peoples doing more varied things which would be appropriate for their needs.
> If resources were more evenly distributed, we would see different regions and peoples doing more varied things which would be appropriate for their needs.
You need legislation that forces the Banks to lend money for Asset CREATION not Asset ACCUMULATION. Or at least TAX asset consumption heavily.
You need legislation that forces the Banks to lend money for Asset CREATION not Asset ACCUMULATION. Or at least TAX asset consumption heavily.
Building data centers is undoubtedly asset creation, though.
But like many commercial activities, the full cost of the endeavor is not entirely met by those who will gain the most. In other words, the corps will get the benefit of lower energy costs by going into markets where their buying power will allow them to essentially slurp up the cheapest energy, pushing the rates up for the individual population (who will not gain financially from the new assets).
This is especially true for limited natural resources like water. And it's been true for oil and gas development for a century.
This is especially true for limited natural resources like water. And it's been true for oil and gas development for a century.
> FOMO encourages increasingly foolish decisions (or at least unsustainable ones)
Markets will punish them for poor investments. We have not seen that yet, but it is coming.
Markets will punish them for poor investments. We have not seen that yet, but it is coming.
We need a concentration of money in order to make progress.
But yes, we should also make sure that everybody can benefit from it.
But yes, we should also make sure that everybody can benefit from it.
If you are concentrating money in a way you exercise control of, then that money has been realized. If your 'concentration' of money is from loans on stocks, then those stocks value HAS BEEN REALIZED for your benefit, and you should be taxed on your REALIZED gains (you have benefited in the REAL world from the GAINS on your stocks value).
I don't have a problem with concentration of money. I have a problem with playing the game that the concentration of money doesn't actually exist yet and shouldn't be taxed.
I don't have a problem with concentration of money. I have a problem with playing the game that the concentration of money doesn't actually exist yet and shouldn't be taxed.
>We need a concentration of money in order to make progress.
...in the concentration of money.
"The handful of benevolent god-kings will be nice to people" is not a model for a decent future.
...in the concentration of money.
"The handful of benevolent god-kings will be nice to people" is not a model for a decent future.
You mean we need a stronger government?
The creators/thought leader of Capitalism all said it was a necessary part of having a functioning Capitalist system. So yes? Unless you want to change systems to something else?
I mean that America would be better off with a government that discourages god-kings instead of enabling them.
If/when the AI bubble pops and we're left with hundreds of underutilized datacenters, I think this could be good for hosting customers by driving prices down across the board. Maybe it will make self-hosting even more cheaper than public clouds.
Aren't these datacenters biased majorly towards GPU capacity? Maybe we'll see a resurgence of cloud game streaming initiatives.
The GPUs being used for AI training aren't useful for running games, I highly doubt they could be repurposed for that.
They can run other ML stuff but I don't see how the world could absorb the amount of compute/RAM for these other workflows.
Since the hardware itself depreciates quite fast compared to the buildings, the long lasting physical structure is probably the best bet, being repurposed for more general computing (since all HVAC, electricity, and other expensive infrastructure is already in place).
They can run other ML stuff but I don't see how the world could absorb the amount of compute/RAM for these other workflows.
Since the hardware itself depreciates quite fast compared to the buildings, the long lasting physical structure is probably the best bet, being repurposed for more general computing (since all HVAC, electricity, and other expensive infrastructure is already in place).
I think the interesting thing would be if something like Euclyd is successful, and the 10 GW become 100 MW, and the giant server halls become 800 cabinets total.
Then the inference mega datacentre investment becomes a losing proposition for those who paid too much for the wrong kind of computers, but AI users still get more compute, lower prices etc.
Then the inference mega datacentre investment becomes a losing proposition for those who paid too much for the wrong kind of computers, but AI users still get more compute, lower prices etc.
I think it will also allow later down the board for more competition down the line for the hardware 3-5 years down the line.
But I don't really think that focusing on GPU market is gonna work as I don't really see much reason to cater to GPU intensive workloads unless you are affiliated with AI (for most part, some GPU compute is good but datacenters shouldn't really invest so much in GPU compute)
I feel like I am more optimistic about buying stuff (preferably compute) 3-5 years down the board when things might become cheap in my opinion
But this is still a very long time. On one hand I want Ai bubble to burst asap to lessen the impacts of financial crisis but on the other I really think about the financial crisis and think if there are any ways to mitigate the economy's loss so that it doesn't become 2008 crisis
But reality to me feels as if the chances of Bubble popping up is inevitable, the only question is if we can do anything to lessen the strain on the average person all around the world. I think America will be impacted the most but I wonder how geo-politically this might impact other countries as compared to the 2008 crisis.
I don't really think the american govt. is doing anything to lessen the strain the bubble can cause tho, perhaps even promoting things like stargate/AI bubble itself.
It's just sad for 3-4 years. Lets hope economy gets better and more reasonable than AI hype
But I don't really think that focusing on GPU market is gonna work as I don't really see much reason to cater to GPU intensive workloads unless you are affiliated with AI (for most part, some GPU compute is good but datacenters shouldn't really invest so much in GPU compute)
I feel like I am more optimistic about buying stuff (preferably compute) 3-5 years down the board when things might become cheap in my opinion
But this is still a very long time. On one hand I want Ai bubble to burst asap to lessen the impacts of financial crisis but on the other I really think about the financial crisis and think if there are any ways to mitigate the economy's loss so that it doesn't become 2008 crisis
But reality to me feels as if the chances of Bubble popping up is inevitable, the only question is if we can do anything to lessen the strain on the average person all around the world. I think America will be impacted the most but I wonder how geo-politically this might impact other countries as compared to the 2008 crisis.
I don't really think the american govt. is doing anything to lessen the strain the bubble can cause tho, perhaps even promoting things like stargate/AI bubble itself.
It's just sad for 3-4 years. Lets hope economy gets better and more reasonable than AI hype
Don't these data centers have pretty elaborate cooling setups that use large volumes of water?
So they're sitting on real estate with access to massive amounts of water, electricity, and high bandwidth network connections. Seems like that combination of resources could be useful for a lot of other things beyond just data centers.
Like you could probably run desalination plants, large scale hydroponic farms, semiconductor manufacturing, or chemical processing facilities. Anything that needs the trifecta of heavy power, water infrastructure, and fiber connectivity could slot right in.
So they're sitting on real estate with access to massive amounts of water, electricity, and high bandwidth network connections. Seems like that combination of resources could be useful for a lot of other things beyond just data centers.
Like you could probably run desalination plants, large scale hydroponic farms, semiconductor manufacturing, or chemical processing facilities. Anything that needs the trifecta of heavy power, water infrastructure, and fiber connectivity could slot right in.
> Don't these data centers have pretty elaborate cooling setups that use large volumes of water?
Depending on where, and (more importantly) when you last read about this, there's been some developments. The original book that started this had a unit conversion error, and the reported numbers were off by about 4500x what the true numbers are (author claimed 1000 times more water than an entire city consumption, while in reality it was estimated at ~22% of that usage).
The problem is that we're living in the era of rage reporting, and corrections rarely get the same coverage as the initial shock claim.
On top of this, DCs don't make water "disappear", in the same way farming doesn't make it disappear. It re-enters the cycle via evaporation. (also, on the topic of farming, don't look up how much water it takes to grow nuts or avocados. That's an unpopular topic, apparently)
And thirdly, DCs use evaporative cooling because it's more efficient. They could, if push came to shove, not use that. And they do, when placed in areas without adequate water supply, use regular cooling.
Depending on where, and (more importantly) when you last read about this, there's been some developments. The original book that started this had a unit conversion error, and the reported numbers were off by about 4500x what the true numbers are (author claimed 1000 times more water than an entire city consumption, while in reality it was estimated at ~22% of that usage).
The problem is that we're living in the era of rage reporting, and corrections rarely get the same coverage as the initial shock claim.
On top of this, DCs don't make water "disappear", in the same way farming doesn't make it disappear. It re-enters the cycle via evaporation. (also, on the topic of farming, don't look up how much water it takes to grow nuts or avocados. That's an unpopular topic, apparently)
And thirdly, DCs use evaporative cooling because it's more efficient. They could, if push came to shove, not use that. And they do, when placed in areas without adequate water supply, use regular cooling.
I always find water use and farming weird. Living in part of planets where water for farms mostly if not fully rains down from the sky. So it getting on farm land is inconsequential one way or an other.
Still, I do feel there must be some difference between farming and cooling use by evaporation. As at least part of water is run off back to rivers and then seep back to ground water. These again depend largely on location.
Still, I do feel there must be some difference between farming and cooling use by evaporation. As at least part of water is run off back to rivers and then seep back to ground water. These again depend largely on location.
I have no idea what book you're talking about, and I never claimed water "disappears" or made any argument about consumption statistics. Why would you assume I think water vanishes from existence? That's absurd.
My point is simple: the utility infrastructure is the hard part. The silicon sitting on raised floors is disposable and will be obsolete in a few years. But the power substations, fiber connections, and water infrastructure? That takes years to permit and build, and that's where the real value is.
Building that infrastructure (trenches for water lines, electrical substations, laying fiber) is the actual constraint and where the long term value lies. Whether they're running GPUs or something else entirely, industries will pay for access to that utility infrastructure long after today's AI hardware is obselete.
You're lecturing me about evaporative cooling efficiency while completely missing the point.
My point is simple: the utility infrastructure is the hard part. The silicon sitting on raised floors is disposable and will be obsolete in a few years. But the power substations, fiber connections, and water infrastructure? That takes years to permit and build, and that's where the real value is.
Building that infrastructure (trenches for water lines, electrical substations, laying fiber) is the actual constraint and where the long term value lies. Whether they're running GPUs or something else entirely, industries will pay for access to that utility infrastructure long after today's AI hardware is obselete.
You're lecturing me about evaporative cooling efficiency while completely missing the point.
Sorry if it came out that way, it was not my intention. I just thought you asked and provided some info that I'd recently read.
Water usage of the DC itself can vary a lot. If they're in an area where clean water is cheap, then they might use evaporative cooling which probably has the most significant water consumption (by volume and the fact that it's been processed to be safe to drink). In other areas they may use non-potable water or just a closed loop water system where the water usage is pretty negligible. The electricity is going to be the much larger consideration on the larger scale (though still affected by local grid capacity). Also, the capital cost is a very significant part of these systems: there's a pretty big gap in pricing between 'worth building' and 'worth keeping running'.
(I recommend this video by Hank Green on the subject: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_c6MWk7PQc . Water usage of data centers is a complex and quite localized concern, not something that's going to be a constant across every deployment)
(I recommend this video by Hank Green on the subject: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_c6MWk7PQc . Water usage of data centers is a complex and quite localized concern, not something that's going to be a constant across every deployment)
Semiconductor manufacturing might make sense here but I also don't think it might not simply because it would require probably a lot of expertise and knowledge and complex machinery with experience in this industry which I assume would be very hard to gather even for these datacenters.
I don't see any reasonable path moving forward for these datacenters for the amount of money that they have invested.
I don't see any reasonable path moving forward for these datacenters for the amount of money that they have invested.
Semiconductor manufacturing needs supply chain a lot more than it needs fast internet. Wafers, fine chemicals, gases, consumable parts. A lot of this comes from petroleum refining, so it helps to be near a lot of refineries, although not enough to be decisive in site selection.
Agreed. Your point is true and as such too I don't really think that they could really be used for semiconductor industry.
And all other industries also don't really seem to me to have any overlap with the datacenter industry as much aside from having water access and land and electricity but like I doubt that they would get used enough to be justified their costs, especially the costs of the overpriced GPU's and ram and other components
In my opinion, These large datacenters are usually a lost cause if the AI bubble bursts since they were created with such a strong focus of GPU's and other things and their whole model of demand is related to AI
If the bubble bursts, I think that auctioning server hardware might happen but I doubt how much of that would be non-gpu / pure compute related servers or perhaps gpu but good for the average consumer.
And all other industries also don't really seem to me to have any overlap with the datacenter industry as much aside from having water access and land and electricity but like I doubt that they would get used enough to be justified their costs, especially the costs of the overpriced GPU's and ram and other components
In my opinion, These large datacenters are usually a lost cause if the AI bubble bursts since they were created with such a strong focus of GPU's and other things and their whole model of demand is related to AI
If the bubble bursts, I think that auctioning server hardware might happen but I doubt how much of that would be non-gpu / pure compute related servers or perhaps gpu but good for the average consumer.
I feel the same way... Posted this yesterday:
After "AI": Anticipating a post-LLM science and technology revolution (evalapply.org)
https://www.evalapply.org/posts/after-ai/index.html
> I, for one, welcome the coming age of the post-LLM-datacenter-overinvestment-bust-fueled backyard GPU supercomputer revolution.
After "AI": Anticipating a post-LLM science and technology revolution (evalapply.org)
2 points by adityaathalye 1 day ago | 8 comments
https://www.evalapply.org/posts/after-ai/index.html
> I, for one, welcome the coming age of the post-LLM-datacenter-overinvestment-bust-fueled backyard GPU supercomputer revolution.
I'm sure this will be a nice consolation as the meaningful part of the economy collapses
I was more thinking these data centers will become homeless shelters.
The overlap between the datacenter needs of AI and those of crypto are hard to miss. If/when the AI bubble pops I'd be willing to bet that we see another crypto surge.
I can't be the only one who's noticed that the volume of crypto stuff being pushed slowed as the AI fervor ramped up?
I can't be the only one who's noticed that the volume of crypto stuff being pushed slowed as the AI fervor ramped up?
I wouldn't be sure. I think just like AI the crypto has been there due to excess liquidity. Thus when "wealth" gets cancelled the crypto will follow with it. I believe it will go down with rest of the markets.
I'm not seeing it. If crypto has a resurgence, it will only be because wealthy people invest in it to enable shady behavior.
I am hoping things revert to the mean and by extension, the consumer chip prices revert.
with investors and hype, things regress to the extreme
Axios hijacks the back button. The TLDR is: we’re building too much speculative capacity and the “if we build it, they will come” assumption will be proven wrong.
Such bad behavior on the back button - it’s such a shabby trick, and makes me think less of any site that pulls that.
I always think about the developers who were asked to implement something like this
It's always a bug. Usually, some issue with an iframe navigating to another html page, which makes the back button go back in the iframe instead of the page itself. This usually happens because of an ad, which makes me wonder why people are still navigating without ad blockers.
Happens to me even with an ad blocker.
Sorry, what do you mean by this? Back button seems to work normally for me.
Yeah annoying. Need to find an extension to fix that.
They are building too many steam engines. It's a bubble that's going to pop and leave investors empty handed. There are only so many mines to pump water out of, mills to turn, textile machines to crank. And those industries have jumped on a bandwagon that they don't understand, and most will soon mostly revert to good old English laborers. His Majesty's subjects are starting to see the terrible environmental effects of burning so much more coal. As a prudent investor I now recommend a Sell for the stocks of the Boulton & Watt company.
This did pretty much happen with railways during the industrial revolution. Huge amount of money was invested into railway build-outs and most investors lost their money even though the result was useful in the long run (though only a subset of what was built).
It also happened with fiber during the dotcom boom. Years later, that came useful when everyone wanted YouTube in their pocket.
The bottleneck was the phone line running into individual houses. ie The "last mile" was a bottleneck. Dial-up. If you're old enough you will remember people connected to the internet via Dial-up, that is, their phone line. It was a bottleneck. It's data capacity was nowhere near what the fiber was.
But that buildout brought FTTN (cell towers, DSLAMs and DOCSIS) because loads was overinstalled in places that made little economic sense at the time.
> They are building too many steam engines. It's a bubble that's going to pop and leave investors empty handed.
What a great analogy. People building too many steam engines was one of the main factors that lead to the first world war.
What a great analogy. People building too many steam engines was one of the main factors that lead to the first world war.
Sounds interesting. Do you have a source for that?
The most famous steam engine bubble in the 19th Century:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_Mania
Those popped all over Europe during the entire century, with the last one popping at the 1890s. For some reason, people focus only on this large one on the UK.
Sources for how 19th Century imperialism had a lot of support from extend-and-pretend infrastructure bubbles are harder to search.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_Mania
Those popped all over Europe during the entire century, with the last one popping at the 1890s. For some reason, people focus only on this large one on the UK.
Sources for how 19th Century imperialism had a lot of support from extend-and-pretend infrastructure bubbles are harder to search.
Well over a century after the commercialization of the Newcomen / Watt steam engines.
A Data Center is a Crypto Miner in disguise.
Understand that fact, and you understand the future.