I asked the developer of Podcast Addict about this and shared the article. This is their response verbatim:
"Hi,
I'm sorry but I don't understand your email. Of course every podcast app connects to 3rd party content to stream it and therefore hosting platforms and tracking services and ad services used by the podcasters will have access to your IP address.
Sorry but saying that a podcast app leaks your IP address is as stupid as saying that a web browser does. It's just a tool that connects to 3rd party content, so yes unless you're using a VPN the server you connect to will always have access to your IP address
The app doesn't have your location. As you can see it doesn't ask for location permission so the app doesn't have anything to share, but yes your IP will of course be public to any server you connect to
Another interesting point from the study (full paper linked in a other comment) was the comparison of semaglutide to other GLP-1 agonists taken by patients, with the impact being significantly higher vs. those.
Obviously we need some more double blind studies dedicated to this class of drugs and Alzheimer's, but this informs the direction researchers and drug companies will likely map out.
TL;DR from the article:
The study found that patients prescribed semaglutide had a significantly lower risk for Alzheimer’s disease than those who had taken one of the seven other diabetes drugs. The results were consistent across gender, age and weight.
The biggest difference was seen when comparing patients who took semaglutide to those who took insulin: Semaglutide patients had a 70% lower risk of Alzheimer’s, the study found.
Worth noting that 23andMe, plus many other low cost genealogy/health-focused companies do not sequence your DNA.
Instead, they perform what is called a genotyping microarray test, which looks at less than 0.1% of your genome.
To quote from 23andMe:
"In order to be genotyped, the amplified DNA is “cut” into smaller pieces, which are then applied to our DNA chip (also known as a microarray), a small glass slide with millions of microscopic “beads” on its surface. Each bead is attached to a “probe," a bit of DNA that matches one of the genetic variants that we test. The cut pieces of your DNA stick to the matching DNA probes. A fluorescent label on each probe identifies which version of that genetic variant your DNA corresponds to."
"Hi,
I'm sorry but I don't understand your email. Of course every podcast app connects to 3rd party content to stream it and therefore hosting platforms and tracking services and ad services used by the podcasters will have access to your IP address. Sorry but saying that a podcast app leaks your IP address is as stupid as saying that a web browser does. It's just a tool that connects to 3rd party content, so yes unless you're using a VPN the server you connect to will always have access to your IP address The app doesn't have your location. As you can see it doesn't ask for location permission so the app doesn't have anything to share, but yes your IP will of course be public to any server you connect to
Xavier"