Nice article. The German rail is working on modernizing the network with the use of Artificial intelligence based dynamic timetable optimization (a major issue when delays occur is to dynamically readjust the timetable) and Autonomous trains. Additionally making use of 5G based communication and ETCS L3. Unfortunately, due to the mission critical nature, these changes will be slowly rolled out 2027 onwards and major changes are expected only from 2035. https://digitale-schiene-deutschland.de/en/digital-rail