Yet in practice, I’ve had the opposite experience.
In China, when you break some rule or law, the police are much more lenient and forgiving. First time offenders (of minor crimes) always just get warnings. Even if the law requires a fine or some punishment, most cops will let you go after a stern lecturing.
But in the US, once the bureaucracy kicks in, then you have to follow the letter of the law. There is very little compassion. It’s about punishment, not re-education.
Perhaps it’s different in Europe, but that’s my experience in China and the US.
2. Deng for sure.