The container image for 24.04 is different from that of 22.04 and 20.04. The 24.04 container includes a "ubuntu" user with a UID of 1000, where the previous containers shipped with only a "root" user. The "ubuntu" user does not have sudo turned on by default.
This gave me issues with my vscode devcontainer setup. You can see my work around here https://github.com/DontShaveTheYak/cf2tf/pull/288/files