My understanding is that it's often the high cost of living rather than government policy which means that couples choose not to have more than one child.
I saw one commentator below mention quorn, but I think it depends on how this was done, presented and marketed.
Some top chefs do something approaching this - not quite at the molecular level in the way mentioned here, in a lab (although it's called molecular gastronomy), but nevertheless experimenting with different combinations and techniques. Artisanal experimentation vs industrial production.
I suspect this includes outsourcing a whole series of functions from support functions such as finance, accounting, tax and legal, to even what would be considered core functions such as UX, coding etc.
Taken to an extreme, the startup could remain a handful of people while benefiting from a much larger team which is not included in the headcount.
I wonder why they started with lettuce. I get the nutrients and minerals part, but the calorific value is low. Potatoes also grow well using hydroponics and would seem to be a better base choice for longer orbits.
It appears that the answer is "yes", especially if supplemented by a piece of fruit to replace minerals and nutrients. And even tea and coffee are fine provided that your body is relatively used to dealing with caffeine.