China is currently occupying Tibet, which never consented to the occupation and has invaded Vietnam 30 times. It ruled Vietnam for about 2 centuries starting about 600. China eventually had to leave Vietnam, but many other groups ceased to exist as a consequence of Chinese expansion. Here are some:
the Baiyue were a vast umbrella of diverse, non-Sinitic indigenous coastal tribes who inhabited Southern China and northern Vietnam.
The Xianbei were an ancient nomadic Proto-Mongolic people from the northern steppes.
The Di and Jie were two of the ancient "Five Barbarian" (Wu Hu) nomadic tribes of northern and western China during the Han and Jin periods.
The Dian Kingdom were an ancient, sophisticated indigenous southwest culture located in modern-day Yunnan province.
The Tujia were an indigenous group of the Hunan-Hubei region. Centuries of inward Han migration and intermarriage have resulted in the Tujia becoming culturally and structurally indistinguishable from their Han neighbors.
the Baiyue were a vast umbrella of diverse, non-Sinitic indigenous coastal tribes who inhabited Southern China and northern Vietnam.
The Xianbei were an ancient nomadic Proto-Mongolic people from the northern steppes.
The Di and Jie were two of the ancient "Five Barbarian" (Wu Hu) nomadic tribes of northern and western China during the Han and Jin periods.
The Dian Kingdom were an ancient, sophisticated indigenous southwest culture located in modern-day Yunnan province.
The Tujia were an indigenous group of the Hunan-Hubei region. Centuries of inward Han migration and intermarriage have resulted in the Tujia becoming culturally and structurally indistinguishable from their Han neighbors.
No one has any plausible plan or halfway-decent plan for how to maintain control over an AI that has become super-humanly capable. Essentially all of the major AI labs are trying to create a super-humanly capable AI, and eventually one of them will probably succeed—which would be very bad (i.e., probably fatal) for humanity. So, clearly the AI labs must be shut down and in fact would have been shut down already if humanity were sufficiently competent. The AI labs must stay shut down until someone comes up with a good plan for controlling (or aligning) AIs, which will probably take at least 3 or 4 decades. We know that because people have been conducting the intellectual search for a plan for more than 2 decades as their full-time job, and those people report that the search is very difficult.
A satisfactory alternative might be to develop a method for determining whether a novel AI design can acquire a dangerous level of capabilities along with some way of ensuring that no lab or group goes ahead with an AI that can. This might be satisfactory if the determination can be made before giving the AI access to people or the internet. But I know of no competent researcher that has ever worked on or made any progress on this problem whereas at least the control problem has received a decent amount of attention from researchers and funding institutions.
The AIs that might prove fatal to humanity will be significantly different in design from the AIs that have been already widely deployed: for one thing, they will constantly learn (like a person does) as opposed to already-deployed AIs in which the vast majority of the AI's learning happens during a training phase that ends before any widespread deployment of the AI. Also, they will be much better than current AIs at working towards a long-term goal. I say this because I don't want to be misunderstood as believing that Google Gemini 2.5 or ChatGPT 5.0 might take over the world: I understand that those AIs are incapable of a such a thing. The worry is the AIs that are still on the drawing board or that will appear on a drawing board 5 or 10 years from now. There is no need to ban Gemini 2.5 and ChatGPT 5. Since some AI researchers pursue AI "progress" for ideological reasons and will tend to persist stubbornly even after AI research is banned, the best time to ban AI frontier research is now, so that these stubborn ideologues whose research will have been driven underground (because of the ban) but are capable of making a little more "progress" on AI will be unlikely to be able to make enough "progress" to end the world.
Again, as soon as anyone comes up with a solid plan for controlling (or aligning) an AI even if the AI turns out to be more capable than us, the ban on frontier AI research can be lifted as long as the majority of AI experts and AI researchers are in agreement that the plan is solid. No one can say how long this search for a solid plan will take, but IMHO it will probably take at least 3 or 4 decades.
More at
https://intelligence.org/the-problem/