It's impossible to comment the specific circumstances with the report, but we do generally monitor and warn our users on running low on resources - be it storage, CPU or memory. I admit that the alerting is by no means foolproof; we may miss reaction on rapid or sudden changes in the usage patterns, but the alerting works quite well on more steady and common workloads and usage patterns.
Should the worst case scenario happen and the storage run out, there's always an option to upgrade to the next resource tier size. This will restore the DB state to the latest successfully recorded transaction.
We're using Kafka as a log delivery platform and are quite happy with it. Kafka by nature is highly available and can be scaled quite trivially with the log load by adding new cluster nodes.
We've decided to use journald for storing all of our application data. We pump the entries from journald to Kafka by using a tool that we open sourced: https://github.com/aiven/journalpump.
From Kafka, we export the logs to Elasticsearch for viewing and analysis. Some specific logs are also stored in S3 for long term storage for e.g. audit purposes.
Google recently added beta version of Postgres to Cloud SQL as well (https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/postgres/). Of course, AWS RDS and Heroku have been on the market for some time.
I'd claim managed Postgres market is in a pretty good shape.
While not Microsoft offerings, there are some options available: my company Aiven (https://aiven.io/postgresql) offers managed PostgreSQL service on Azure as well. ElephantSQL (https://www.elephantsql.com/) is an another provider with hosted Postgres on Azure.
Well, you can get hosted Kafka as a service as well. My company Aiven offers one such service in AWS/Azure/Google Cloud Platform, DigitalOcean and UpCloud (https://aiven.io/kafka). CloudKarafka is an another vendor with managed offering and Heroku too just launched Kafka service as well.
I think Kinesis is an excellent service, but if you have an existing stack or preference on OpenSource solutions, it's good to have choice.
There's some indications that Google would support Postgres as part of the CLoudSQL in the future. But there are already multiple DB-as-a-Service offerings that provide PostgreSQL in Google Cloud. My company, Aiven (https://aiven.io) is one of the providers and I believe Compose, DatabaseLabs and ElephantSQL also provide managed PG in Google Cloud.