'So hot you can't breathe': Extreme heat hits the Philippines(japantimes.co.jp)
japantimes.co.jp
'So hot you can't breathe': Extreme heat hits the Philippines
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/04/24/asia-pacific/philippines-extreme-heat/
68 comments
> Study results indicate that limiting global warming to 1.5 °C would prevent most of the tropics from reaching the wet-bulb temperature of the human physiological limit of 35 °C.
Limit was hit in 2023: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/02/0...
Limit was hit in 2023: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/02/0...
If that is true, why haven't we seen mass death from repeated 35℃ breaches?
> why haven't we seen mass death from repeated 35℃ breaches?
Because we haven't seen very many 35℃ wet bulb temperature breaches yet. The nominal air temperature is much higher than that all the time around the world, but it's only when there is very high humidity at that temp that humans start to overheat.
IIRC there have only been a few instances so far where the web bulb temp limit has been breached, e.g. some instances around the Persian Gulf, and maybe also in Mexico near the Gulf of California (not sure about the latter if it's even been breached yet, but I know it's at risk).
Edit: Wikipedia page has a list, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet-bulb_temperature#Highest_r.... There have only been 10 recorded instances where wet bulb temp exceeded 35C.
Because we haven't seen very many 35℃ wet bulb temperature breaches yet. The nominal air temperature is much higher than that all the time around the world, but it's only when there is very high humidity at that temp that humans start to overheat.
IIRC there have only been a few instances so far where the web bulb temp limit has been breached, e.g. some instances around the Persian Gulf, and maybe also in Mexico near the Gulf of California (not sure about the latter if it's even been breached yet, but I know it's at risk).
Edit: Wikipedia page has a list, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet-bulb_temperature#Highest_r.... There have only been 10 recorded instances where wet bulb temp exceeded 35C.
The breach is in wet-bulb temperature, not dry-bulb temperature. When you hear weather reports cover the temperature, then it's going to be the dry-bulb temperature--the actual temperature of the air.
Wet-bulb temperature is the minimum temperature you can reach by evaporative cooling (i.e., sweating). When wet-bulb temperature gets too close to core body temperature, you are physically incapable of shedding heat if you are not in air-conditioning, and how close it needs to be depends on how good health you are in.
But we actually have seen deaths in previous heat waves, which largely didn't even breach 30C wet-bulb. The 2003 European heat wave caused about 70,000 people to die, for example.
Wet-bulb temperature is the minimum temperature you can reach by evaporative cooling (i.e., sweating). When wet-bulb temperature gets too close to core body temperature, you are physically incapable of shedding heat if you are not in air-conditioning, and how close it needs to be depends on how good health you are in.
But we actually have seen deaths in previous heat waves, which largely didn't even breach 30C wet-bulb. The 2003 European heat wave caused about 70,000 people to die, for example.
Do you have data on the demographic breakdown? The papers i have seen have the overwhelmong majority of those deaths in the 80 plus demographic, which is not anywhere near equivalent to an 18 to 50 year old death when doing the cost benefit analysis on any of the mitigation or avoidance policies we could enact
We have, all over the world.
For example, at least 24500 people died from heat-related causes in Europe during heat waves of summer 2022.
And that's just one of many examples.
For example, at least 24500 people died from heat-related causes in Europe during heat waves of summer 2022.
And that's just one of many examples.
In 1911 41,000 people died of a heave wave in France.
Highest ambient temperature ever recorded was in Death Valley in 1913.
In 1540 Europe had an extreme drought and heatwave that lasted 11 months.
I can go on and on. The 2022 heatwave wasn’t any more unusual than any other heat wave throughout history.
Highest ambient temperature ever recorded was in Death Valley in 1913.
In 1540 Europe had an extreme drought and heatwave that lasted 11 months.
I can go on and on. The 2022 heatwave wasn’t any more unusual than any other heat wave throughout history.
Please don't confuse the heat in Death Valley with humid heat. Don't get me wrong, that Death Valley heat will kill you, but as long as you have water and shade you will survive.
I posted about it before:
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37455817#37459864
> You have to factor in humidity. > Scottsdale airport currently (1:40PM) is 108F (42.222C) w/ 14% humidity, meaning a wet-bulb of 71.11F (21.72778C).
> London tomorrow at noon is 86F (30C) w/ 52% humidity, meaning a wet-bulb of 72.76F (22.6444C).
> London will actually feel nastier.
I posted about it before:
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37455817#37459864
> You have to factor in humidity. > Scottsdale airport currently (1:40PM) is 108F (42.222C) w/ 14% humidity, meaning a wet-bulb of 71.11F (21.72778C).
> London tomorrow at noon is 86F (30C) w/ 52% humidity, meaning a wet-bulb of 72.76F (22.6444C).
> London will actually feel nastier.
Also London has terrible aircon.
dear fact-impaired readers - global temperature records are carefully kept by a multitude of authoritative sources, and increasingly so..
the Year 2023 was the Hottest Year on Record to date globally.. each month of 2023 (edit maybe not jan-feb?) was also the hottest recorded globally. The hottest day cumulatively across the world was in 2023. The nine hottest years on record globally were the last nine years.
Please use librarianship and science skills for factual information. multiple references available for the search-impaired
the Year 2023 was the Hottest Year on Record to date globally.. each month of 2023 (edit maybe not jan-feb?) was also the hottest recorded globally. The hottest day cumulatively across the world was in 2023. The nine hottest years on record globally were the last nine years.
Please use librarianship and science skills for factual information. multiple references available for the search-impaired
> each month of 2023 was also the hottest recorded globally.
Actually, I think January and February failed to breach the record--the El Nino didn't set up until April.
(But several of the later months absolutely shattered records, as did the year as a whole. 2023 as a whole breached the 2C limit).
Actually, I think January and February failed to breach the record--the El Nino didn't set up until April.
(But several of the later months absolutely shattered records, as did the year as a whole. 2023 as a whole breached the 2C limit).
> 2022 heatwave wasn’t any more unusual than any other heat wave throughout history
You can't think of one pertinent home gadget that was invented between 1911 and now?
You can't think of one pertinent home gadget that was invented between 1911 and now?
I assume that you're alluding to the air conditioner, which was invented in 1901? The first home installation was in 1914, but that wasn't the date of the invention.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning
Oh let's play this game with COVID: "Nothing original, we had the Spanish Flu in 1918..."
Both of you can be right you know, it isn't mutually exclusive....
We cared less about mass death in 1911, as exemplified by WW1.
> limiting global warming to 1.5 °C would prevent most of the tropics from reaching the wet-bulb temperature of the human physiological limit of 35 °C.
We've had one year at the level of warming that is not yet expected to yield mass death from wet bulb events.
Give it time. There's no reason to think that the current warming trend will slow, stop, or reverse itself in the near term.
We've had one year at the level of warming that is not yet expected to yield mass death from wet bulb events.
Give it time. There's no reason to think that the current warming trend will slow, stop, or reverse itself in the near term.
Why is there “no reason?” This has happened repeatedly throughout history. Climate has always changed. The only difference now is that “preventing” climate change is a huge industry.
Of course climate has changed in the past, but over geological time scales. We're witnessing change in real time, over a period of decades. It's the rate of change in climate that is accelerating.
The reasons for this increase in temperature persist and new contributing reasons are starting to appear, that create vicious feedback loops.
"Maybe it'll just -waves hands- magically happen" is "no reason". Saying "climate has changed in the past and therefore there is reason to believe that it will change in this particular way, in the future" does not logically follow.
Climate has changed repeatedly throughout history. Every time a temperature increase has changed to a temperature decrease, this must be preceded by the rate of temperature increase decreasing.
We observe the rate of temperature increase, continuing to increase.
Thus there is reason to believe that it will get hotter for some time, before it again gets colder.
Climate has changed repeatedly throughout history. Every time a temperature increase has changed to a temperature decrease, this must be preceded by the rate of temperature increase decreasing.
We observe the rate of temperature increase, continuing to increase.
Thus there is reason to believe that it will get hotter for some time, before it again gets colder.
> The only difference now is that “preventing” climate change is a huge industry.
Eh, causing it is in fact a much, much bigger industry.
Eh, causing it is in fact a much, much bigger industry.
Seriously the people who say "there is money to be made by lying about climate change" and then pointing to the few millions of dollars available in public research into climate and NOT the trillions of dollars from multiple countries in selling energy in the form of carbon bonds are just goofy.
These are the kind of people that had to cheat off you to pass biology yet insist that "the immune system works like this"
These are the kind of people that had to cheat off you to pass biology yet insist that "the immune system works like this"
The 1.5 degrees are the average heatup over the globe, it varies across the regions - in Europe we have a higher raise, but we are not near the unliveable conditions, though we have plenty of heat deaths already. And of course, there is air condition. So even if temperatures reach dangerous levels, few people will experience it in full force.
Air conditioning? Most of the areas most at risk for high wet bulb temperatures already rely heavily on air conditioning to be habitable.
We'd be in serious trouble if we had a power failure triggered by a heat wave, which IIRC was a near miss in the central US heat wave last summer.
We'd be in serious trouble if we had a power failure triggered by a heat wave, which IIRC was a near miss in the central US heat wave last summer.
Comments here on the temperature fail to add WBT is related to a high humidity.
'The wet-bulb temperature (WBT) is the temperature read by a thermometer covered in water-soaked (water at ambient temperature) cloth (a wet-bulb thermometer) over which air is passed.'
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet-bulb_temperature
Edit: because a high humidity means the body cannot cool anymore by sweating. A higher temperature combined with dry air is generally not a life threatening situation (if you stay in de shade and drink a lot of water).
'The wet-bulb temperature (WBT) is the temperature read by a thermometer covered in water-soaked (water at ambient temperature) cloth (a wet-bulb thermometer) over which air is passed.'
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet-bulb_temperature
Edit: because a high humidity means the body cannot cool anymore by sweating. A higher temperature combined with dry air is generally not a life threatening situation (if you stay in de shade and drink a lot of water).
[deleted]
Wish all articles like this would start including wet bulb temperature, so reader wouldn't have to keep finding temp and humidity and find it on a chart.
A wet-bulb temperature of 95°F (35°C) is the theoretical limit for human survivability for up to six hours of exposure. This is equivalent to a heat index of 160°F (71°C). However, more recent research indicates that a wet-bulb temperature of 88°F can be hazardous even for young Aug 17, 2023
Understanding Wet-Bulb Temperature: The Risks of High Wet ...
https://climatecheck.com/blog/understanding-wet-bulb-tempera....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet-bulb_temperature
Edited to add Celsius
Edited to remove reference to shade.
A wet-bulb temperature of 95°F (35°C) is the theoretical limit for human survivability for up to six hours of exposure. This is equivalent to a heat index of 160°F (71°C). However, more recent research indicates that a wet-bulb temperature of 88°F can be hazardous even for young Aug 17, 2023
Understanding Wet-Bulb Temperature: The Risks of High Wet ...
https://climatecheck.com/blog/understanding-wet-bulb-tempera....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet-bulb_temperature
Edited to add Celsius
Edited to remove reference to shade.
95 degrees Fahrenheit = 35 degrees Celsius
(relevant in this case because all degrees in the article are in Celsius, and the Wikipedia article's primary scale is Celsius)
(relevant in this case because all degrees in the article are in Celsius, and the Wikipedia article's primary scale is Celsius)
> A wet-bulb temperature of 95°F (35°C) is the theoretical limit for human survivability for up to six hours of unshaded outdoor exposure
Both the sources you linked say that 35 degrees is the limit in the shade as well.
> It has been thought that a sustained wet-bulb temperature exceeding 35 °C (95 °F)—given the body's requirement to maintain a core temperature of about 37°C—is likely to be fatal even to fit and healthy people, unclothed in the shade next to a fan
Both the sources you linked say that 35 degrees is the limit in the shade as well.
> It has been thought that a sustained wet-bulb temperature exceeding 35 °C (95 °F)—given the body's requirement to maintain a core temperature of about 37°C—is likely to be fatal even to fit and healthy people, unclothed in the shade next to a fan
Sorry. I thought that was from the link .
Guess technically, since shade is cooler, then if the temperature was X and shade is (X-shade), then if wet bulb was at 95, then you could go into some shade to get cooler. Or, since wet bulb is at 95 is same in sun and shade, then if it is at 95 deg in shade you are in danger, and if you walked into the sun, you'd be in even more danger.
or to try and say another way. Temperature is Temperature, and if in Sun you are probably hotter. But wet bulb 'limit' would be same, and you'd hit the limit faster in the sun.
Guess technically, since shade is cooler, then if the temperature was X and shade is (X-shade), then if wet bulb was at 95, then you could go into some shade to get cooler. Or, since wet bulb is at 95 is same in sun and shade, then if it is at 95 deg in shade you are in danger, and if you walked into the sun, you'd be in even more danger.
or to try and say another way. Temperature is Temperature, and if in Sun you are probably hotter. But wet bulb 'limit' would be same, and you'd hit the limit faster in the sun.
The heat dome in BC in 2021 was brutal. My car showed 47*C (not exactly scientific but it gives you an idea) and the LCD display on the dash started to malfunction. It was like the contrast was off. I'd only seen that before in extreme cold.
With the high humidity in the area, it was quite dangerous. An estimated 600 deaths due to the heat.
I'm sorry the people of the Philippines are going through this.
With the high humidity in the area, it was quite dangerous. An estimated 600 deaths due to the heat.
I'm sorry the people of the Philippines are going through this.
I tried doing tennis in the Philippines before. I only lasted about 3 minutes before I had to sit down.
The heat there in the summer is no joke.
The heat there in the summer is no joke.
> The air conditioning is set at 14-18 C during the hottest part of the day
I wonder what actual temperature that gives them. I'd expect that whatever temperature they set below 25C would have the AC go full power either way, and never reach that target until at night perhaps.
I wonder what actual temperature that gives them. I'd expect that whatever temperature they set below 25C would have the AC go full power either way, and never reach that target until at night perhaps.
TIL about heat index being a combination of temperature and humidity to arrive at a perceived temperature (in the shade apparently, why?).
Started plugging in some numbers into a heat index calculator just for kicks (https://www.omnicalculator.com/physics/heat-index).
I live in a very hot and dry area, and noticed that at 15% humidity the heat index matches temperature, below 15% results in a heat index below the temperature, and above 15% gives a heat index above the temperature.
Started plugging in some numbers into a heat index calculator just for kicks (https://www.omnicalculator.com/physics/heat-index).
I live in a very hot and dry area, and noticed that at 15% humidity the heat index matches temperature, below 15% results in a heat index below the temperature, and above 15% gives a heat index above the temperature.
I believe it's measured in the shade only so it's a true measure of the air temperature and isn't affected by the direct heat transfer from the sunlight. (eg https://www.forbes.com/sites/dennismersereau/2021/06/30/the-... )
That's my understanding too. In fact, the hottest surface temperature recorded on Earth is much higher than the official temperature record because a surface gathers heat not only from air convection/conduction but direct radiation as well.
> Temperatures measured directly on the ground may exceed air temperatures by 30 to 50 °C (54 to 90 °F).[6] The highest natural ground surface temperature ever recorded may have been an alleged reading of 93.9 °C (201.0 °F) at Furnace Creek, California, United States, on 15 July 1972.[7] In 2011, a ground temperature of 84 °C (183.2 °F) was recorded in Port Sudan, Sudan. [1]
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_weather_records#Measur...
> Temperatures measured directly on the ground may exceed air temperatures by 30 to 50 °C (54 to 90 °F).[6] The highest natural ground surface temperature ever recorded may have been an alleged reading of 93.9 °C (201.0 °F) at Furnace Creek, California, United States, on 15 July 1972.[7] In 2011, a ground temperature of 84 °C (183.2 °F) was recorded in Port Sudan, Sudan. [1]
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_weather_records#Measur...
Back when I was a kid, the Australian Open in Melbourne, already in summer, was plagued by periods where they stopped play due to heat.
Filling the void and dead air time, commentators resorted to demos like "frying an egg on center court" to show just how hot it was.
Filling the void and dead air time, commentators resorted to demos like "frying an egg on center court" to show just how hot it was.
> (in the shade apparently, why?)
Because the effect of the sun induces massive, extremely localized variations in apparent temperature. Are you wearing a black shirt or a white shirt? That changes apparent sun temperature. What is the color of the ground you're standing on? What is the material, for that matter?
Note that all of these effects will only increase the temperature (during daytime, at least). The shade temperature is thus a good indicator of what the coolest possible outdoor environment will be.
Because the effect of the sun induces massive, extremely localized variations in apparent temperature. Are you wearing a black shirt or a white shirt? That changes apparent sun temperature. What is the color of the ground you're standing on? What is the material, for that matter?
Note that all of these effects will only increase the temperature (during daytime, at least). The shade temperature is thus a good indicator of what the coolest possible outdoor environment will be.
[deleted]
The heat index measures your body's ability to regulate its temperature by sweating. Higher ambient humidity limits the effectiveness of sweating.
At "wet bulb temperature" your sweat doesn't cool you down anymore.
At "wet bulb temperature" your sweat doesn't cool you down anymore.
Things are going to get much, much worse than this.
Affected countries are going to start doing global albedo modification, even if other countries object.
This is not a negative thing.
Global albedo modification happens today its just not very directed (eg. pitch black tarmac next to concrete sidewalk there is significant difference in temperature on sunny days, AC bills would be probably bit cheaper we didn't have tarmac).
Global albedo modification happens today its just not very directed (eg. pitch black tarmac next to concrete sidewalk there is significant difference in temperature on sunny days, AC bills would be probably bit cheaper we didn't have tarmac).
I think it would mean no more blue skies. The Sun would also have a sickly halo, if the Mt. Pinatubo eruption was any indication.
The halo effect has a name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop%27s_Ring
Yeah I'm sure it'll be great and we will think about every single potential side effects, just like with asbestos, DDT, lead in gas, freon in fridges, &c.
We're most likely utterly fucked whatever we do unless we go back to live like pre industrial revolution humans
We're most likely utterly fucked whatever we do unless we go back to live like pre industrial revolution humans
Can't wait for the "Great Thermostat War"
Chapter 1 of Ministry for the Future tells the fictional story of a massive heatwave with power failure (nice AC you got there...) across a region of India.
Said chapter is available from the publishers here: https://www.orbitbooks.net/orbit-excerpts/the-ministry-for-t...
Said chapter is available from the publishers here: https://www.orbitbooks.net/orbit-excerpts/the-ministry-for-t...
In Termination Shock, the US didn't really start paying attention until people in Texas needed to wear "Earth Suits" to go outside.
And as a fictional story, it's just the author's completely arbitrary rendering of something that hasn't yet happened anywhere in the world. It's tiresome to see people citing that piece of text as if it were in any way a scientific source or prediction of anything.
A bit like citing Paul Ehlrich's hypothetical predictions of massive famines in the world of his future.. Oh but wait, they all turned out to be completely false.
A bit like citing Paul Ehlrich's hypothetical predictions of massive famines in the world of his future.. Oh but wait, they all turned out to be completely false.
Whew! What a read, I'ma check the whole book.
Can someone help me understand the thermodynamics behind this?
My naive understanding would be that if the temperature > human body temperature, we can only gain heat from the environment, leading to death. Obviously sweating is involved. But how?
My naive understanding would be that if the temperature > human body temperature, we can only gain heat from the environment, leading to death. Obviously sweating is involved. But how?
Evaporative cooling is one of physics's great magic tricks.
Basically, when we talk about a substance's temperature, that temperature is the average temperature of the system.
Temperature is just "how quickly are the atoms/molecules here jiggling?" When the atoms/molecules collide, some of them speed up, some slow down. That means that some atoms are "hotter" than the average temperature, and some are cooler.
Liquids have a certain energy above which a molecule is ejected from the puddle. This is evaporation.
Even if the average temperature (read: energy) is below that threshold energy, some molecules are moving faster, because they have collided with other molecules in just the right way. Those fast molecules get ejected. Evaporation!
But now that the puddle lost the fast (read: hot, read: high energy) molecules, the average energy of the system is lower. The whole thing cools down!
In dry environments, it's possible for sweat to evaporte (cool) at a rate that is faster than the rate at which your body heats up from hot colliding air.
In humid environments two things happen: evaporation slows down, and you heat up faster.
So there is a combination of temperature & humidity at which, if either of those parameters is exceeded, you gain heat faster than you lose it.
Basically, when we talk about a substance's temperature, that temperature is the average temperature of the system.
Temperature is just "how quickly are the atoms/molecules here jiggling?" When the atoms/molecules collide, some of them speed up, some slow down. That means that some atoms are "hotter" than the average temperature, and some are cooler.
Liquids have a certain energy above which a molecule is ejected from the puddle. This is evaporation.
Even if the average temperature (read: energy) is below that threshold energy, some molecules are moving faster, because they have collided with other molecules in just the right way. Those fast molecules get ejected. Evaporation!
But now that the puddle lost the fast (read: hot, read: high energy) molecules, the average energy of the system is lower. The whole thing cools down!
In dry environments, it's possible for sweat to evaporte (cool) at a rate that is faster than the rate at which your body heats up from hot colliding air.
In humid environments two things happen: evaporation slows down, and you heat up faster.
So there is a combination of temperature & humidity at which, if either of those parameters is exceeded, you gain heat faster than you lose it.
The goal of human metabolism is to maintain a consistent body temperature. Metabolism creates heat (as a byproduct of doing useful work) that needs to be shed, this is in addition to the natural heat flux.
Heat flux is proportional to temperature difference, and is solely in the direction of hot to cold.
Let us suppose that at 27 C, the natural heat generation is shed, and let us also suppose that the core body temperature is 37 C. (The actual values don't matter, but this feels approximately correct and gives nice round numbers). In this case, if the temperature is below 27 C, then we are losing too much heat and our body temperature will decrease. If it is above 27 C but below 37 C, we're not shedding our body heat fast enough, so body temperature will increase. If it is above 37 C, then the environment is actually adding excess heat into our body instead of cooling it--and we still have natural metabolic heat to shed.
So we have three main mechanisms we use to regulate body temperature.
The first mechanism is to change the heat flux: by changing our clothing, we can control heat loss. This is obviously more effective for cold temperatures than warm temperatures.
The second mechanism is to change our internal heat generation. For example, staying more active in cold conditions or being less active in hot conditions. The response of shivering is in fact an attempt to generate extra heat to mitigate heat loss.
The final mechanism is to use evaporative cooling. Converting liquid water to gas requires energy. So if you coat yourself in water that gets evaporated, it actively sucks heat away from you in the process. The wet-bulb temperature is a measurement of the coolest you can make something in this method... and that's why wet-bulb temperatures near body temperature are lethal: it's the point at which you just cannot shed any heat whatsoever.
Heat flux is proportional to temperature difference, and is solely in the direction of hot to cold.
Let us suppose that at 27 C, the natural heat generation is shed, and let us also suppose that the core body temperature is 37 C. (The actual values don't matter, but this feels approximately correct and gives nice round numbers). In this case, if the temperature is below 27 C, then we are losing too much heat and our body temperature will decrease. If it is above 27 C but below 37 C, we're not shedding our body heat fast enough, so body temperature will increase. If it is above 37 C, then the environment is actually adding excess heat into our body instead of cooling it--and we still have natural metabolic heat to shed.
So we have three main mechanisms we use to regulate body temperature.
The first mechanism is to change the heat flux: by changing our clothing, we can control heat loss. This is obviously more effective for cold temperatures than warm temperatures.
The second mechanism is to change our internal heat generation. For example, staying more active in cold conditions or being less active in hot conditions. The response of shivering is in fact an attempt to generate extra heat to mitigate heat loss.
The final mechanism is to use evaporative cooling. Converting liquid water to gas requires energy. So if you coat yourself in water that gets evaporated, it actively sucks heat away from you in the process. The wet-bulb temperature is a measurement of the coolest you can make something in this method... and that's why wet-bulb temperatures near body temperature are lethal: it's the point at which you just cannot shed any heat whatsoever.
You forgot:
4) Increase/decrease the blood flow towards our skin and arms/legs.
This is why in hot conditions, blood vessels may widen, the heart pumps harder to increase core <-> skin heat exchange, and you see people blushing.
In turn, this "heart pumps harder" (or failing to do so) may worsen other conditions (especially in older people), and eg. contribute to kidney failure (and that in turn, to blood poisoning).
4) Increase/decrease the blood flow towards our skin and arms/legs.
This is why in hot conditions, blood vessels may widen, the heart pumps harder to increase core <-> skin heat exchange, and you see people blushing.
In turn, this "heart pumps harder" (or failing to do so) may worsen other conditions (especially in older people), and eg. contribute to kidney failure (and that in turn, to blood poisoning).
That's a form of increasing heat flux, #1.
Evaporation (specifically phase change of liquid water to water vapor) draws away a LOT of heat.
Without sweating, we’d be dead even if the air temp was near body temp because of the delta in temperatures required to transfer excess heat from our bodies.
Without sweating, we’d be dead even if the air temp was near body temp because of the delta in temperatures required to transfer excess heat from our bodies.
thermokinetic energy is required for water to transition from liquid to vapor.
when heat [thermokinetic motion] spreads from the body to the liquid water, this is a net loss loss of heat from the body as water transitions to vapor phase and diffuses away from the body. if surrounding air is already saturated with vapor [relative humidity 100%] no evaporation can occur at a temperature, that humans will survive
[deleted]
BuT cLiMaTe ChAnGe Is FaKe!!!1!
Here you are, monkeys. Get now more of your cheap headset.
also let's not forget that there are animals too who suffer. And thy don't have AC, water bottle, or fridge to live.