Blender 4.3(blender.org)

  import bpy 
  import bmesh

  # Create the larger cube 
  bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cube_add(size=11, location=(0, 0, 0))
  cube1 = bpy.context.object

  # Create the smaller cube
  bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cube_add(size=10, location=(0, 0, 0))
  cube2 = bpy.context.object

  # Add a Boolean modifier to subtract the smaller cube from the larger cube
  mod_bool = cube1.modifiers.new(name="Boolean", type='BOOLEAN')
  mod_bool.operation = 'DIFFERENCE'
  mod_bool.object = cube2

  # Apply the Boolean modifier
  bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = cube1
  bpy.ops.object.modifier_apply(modifier=mod_bool.name)

  # Remove the smaller cube from the scene
  bpy.data.objects.remove(cube2)