Natural deduction for propositional logic? Simple rules, real math. There are lots of good problems of varying difficulty in Logic in Computer Science by Huth and Ryan.
Edit: Perhaps this doesn't qualify as a game per se, but I think it might be a fun activity to work through the proofs together.
Growing up an a hobby farm with 20-40 (depending on the time of year), this is my experience too. Lambs are playful and full of spunk, but as they grow older they quickly become full-time grazing machines. Rams are just vicious.
You're neglecting the emergent effect of neural networks. Fully understanding the output of one or more individual neurons hardly tells you anything about how the network behaves has a whole. From that standpoint, neural networks are nearly impenetrable. With human written software you can at least trace through the source code and get an idea of what it's doing. Imagine being handed a large matrix of numbers, being told it represents a neural net, and then being asked to find out what it does. Good luck!
If you're into games at all, I would highly recommend the Godot Game Engine (http://www.godotengine.org). They are very active on IRC and in the forums. If you have a question, you'll almost certainly get an answer. They are also are very welcoming of contributions.
I agree with you, but once a person is in the prison system, the goal should be rehabilitation because almost all prisoners will re enter society at some point. The problem is that the prison system isn't very good at rehabilitation as evidenced by the high rates of recidivism. Ask yourself this: does prison, as it exists today, make convicts better people?
Edit: Perhaps this doesn't qualify as a game per se, but I think it might be a fun activity to work through the proofs together.