In my memory, it was OpenAI o1. OpenAI o1 was released in September 2024. It seems the difference came from the difference between benchmark performance and propagation.
So finally they reach a part of PhDs level. Current version rely human to integrate results from they model and writting the papper. If LLMs/AIs can do all thing above, we can exactly get a PhDs level model.
Scientists collect many examples of different type of flagellum. So we can understand how it change during the evolution process. This article introduces the finding of organism structure.